CELLS THEIR ORGANELLES ProkaryoticEukaryotic n Prokaryotic cells n

CELLS & THEIR ORGANELLES

Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic n Prokaryotic cells n no nucleus n n n Eukaryotic Cells n nucleoid region no membrane bound organelles small cell walls Examples n n bacteria blue green algae n n n membrane bound nucleus membrane bound organelles larger Examples n n n plants animal fungi

Bacterial Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

Membrane n n separates cell from the environment controls what enters and leaves n n semi permeable phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Two Parts: • nucleus • cytoplasm

Nucleus n n control center of the cell nuclear envelope n n nucleolus n n n double membrane has pores made of RNA & Protein place where ribosomes are made chromosomes n n made of DNA & Proteins carry instructions

Cytoplasm n cell workplace n n chemical reactions take place fluid

Cytoplasmic Organelles n An internal membrane-bound sac or compartment carrying out a specific function.

Mitochondrion n power house n n site of cellular respiration produce ATP from glucose double membrane have their own DNA

Endoplasmic Reticulum n n transport Endoplasmic Reticulum can be either smooth or rough n rough has ribosomes n n smooth has NO ribosomes n n modifies proteins modifies fats begins at the nucleus and curves through the cytoplasm

Ribosomes n n n make proteins two parts : 1 large and 1 small made of RNA & protein n n three types of RNA t. RNA : transfers amino acids r. RNA : makes ribosomes m. RNA : carries the DNA message from the nucleus into the cytoplasm

Golgi Apparatus n n packages for export stack of membranous sacs

Vacuoles n storage n n nutrients waste enzymes water single membrane

Lysosomes n n n digest foreign particles and waste single membrane sac contain enzymes

Cytoskeleton n n gives shape and ability to move made of microtubules and microfilaments

Centrosome n n n aid in cell division made of microtubules two centrioles making T

PLANT CELLS

Cell Wall n n n support made of cellulose permeable

Chloroplast n make food n n double walled stroma n n contain chlorophyll converts light energy to chemical energy fluid grana n membranous stacks

Plant/Animal cells n n n cell wall large central vacuole chloroplasts square or rectangle NO centrioles n n n NO cell wall NO large central vacuole NO chloroplasts Round centrioles

Cell Quiz – Identify each organelle 15. Give three ways you can tell that this is a plant cell. 16. How can you tell this is a eukaryotic cell?