3 2 Cell Organelles KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells

3. 2 Cell Organelles KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. – supports and shapes cell (microtubules) – helps position and transport organelles (microtubules) – provides strength (intermediate filaments) – assists in cell division (microtubules) – aids in cell movement (microfilaments)

3. 2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information (DNA). • The nucleus protects the DNA and activates genes when needed. • The nucleus also contains the nucleolus , which assembles ribosomes for making proteins.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum involving protein production and processing.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum

3. 2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • The rough ER contains ribosomes and makes proteins. • The smooth ER does not have ribosomes and make lipids.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued)

3. 2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • The Golgi Apparatus processes, sorts, and delivers proteins.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. • Centrioles are tubes found in the – Centrioles help divide DNA. – Centrioles form cilia and flagella. centrosomes.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Complete Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells Worksheet

3. 2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. • A cell wall provides rigid support.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. • Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Exercises What are the functions of the cytoskeleton? Describe the structure of the nucleus. Explain the structure and function of the mitochondrion. What function does a cell wall perform in a plant? What similarities do mitochondria and chloroplasts share? Describe how the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, and golgi apparatus are structurally similar. Medicine, alcohol, and many drugs are detoxified in liver cells. Why do you think the liver cells of some people who abuse alcohol and drugs have an increased amount of smooth ER?