Prokaryotic celllack membranebound organelles Eukaryotic Cellcontain membranebound organelles
Prokaryotic cell—lack membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cell—contain membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi, animals, humans)
Plant and Animal Cell
Chromatin Nuclear envelope Nucleus Nucleolus Plasma membrane Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Cytosol Lysosome Mitochondrion Centrioles Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Centrosome matrix Golgi apparatus Microvilli Secretion being released from cell by exocytosis Microfilament Microtubule Intermediate filaments Peroxisome Figure 3. 2
Cell organelles • Nucleus—contains DNA, RNA • Central Dogma—DNA codes for RNA and RNA codes for proteins • Ribosomes on ER to make proteins • Smooth ER where lipids are made • Liver cells have lots of smooth ER • Proteins exit ER in vesicles. Lipids don’t need vesicles • Protein vesicles go to Golgi apparatus—processed, sugars added, folded, tagged for delivery
Nucleus & Rough ER
Production of a Protein Cytosol Transport vesicle budding off Coatomercoated transport vesicle 5 Ribosomes m. RNA 3 4 Sugar group 2 1 Released glycoprotein Signal Receptor sequence site Signalrecognition particle (SRP) ER membrane Growing polypeptide Signal sequence removed ER cisterna
Ribosome reading RNA to make protein
Ribosomes on Endoplasmic Reticulum • Granules containing protein and r. RNA • Site of protein synthesis
Figure 3. 38
Smooth ER
Golgi Apparatus
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