Antenatal Care Definition of Antenatal care comprehensive health
- Slides: 33
Antenatal Care
Definition of Antenatal care comprehensive health supervision of a pregnant woman before delivery Or it is planned examination, observation and guidance given to the pregnant woman from conception till the time of labor.
Goals l To reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity rates l To improve the physical and mental health of women and children
Importance of Antenatal Care l To ensure that the pregnant woman and her fetus are in the best possible health. l To detect early and treat properly complications l l Offering education for parenthood To prepare the woman for labor, lactation and care of her infant
Schedule for Antenatal Visits: The first visit or initial visit should be made as early is pregnancy as possible. Return Visits: l Once every month till 7 th month. l Once every 2 weeks till the 9 th month l Once every week during the 9 th month, till labor.
Assessment History Examination Investigation
History l Personal history l Family history l Medical and surgical history l Menstrual history l Obstetrical history l History of present pregnancy
Physical Examinations l Height of over 150 cm indication of an average-sized pelvis l The approximate weight gain during pregnancy is 12 kg. ; 2 kg in the first 20 weeks and 10 kg in the remaining 20 weeks (1. 5 kg per week until term).
l Obesity (more than 20 kg above the weight-height formula) leads to an increased risk of gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension and thrombo-embolic disorders
Local Examination The uterus may be higher than expected due to large fetus, multiple pregnancy, polyhydrammnios or mistaken date of last menstrual period. l The uterus may be lower than expected due to small fetus, intrauterine growth retardation, oligohydramnios or mistaken date of last menstrual period. l
l Fetal heart sound is heard by sonicaid as early as 10 thweek of pregnancy. l Fetal heart sound is heard by Pinard' s fetal stethoscope after the 20 thweek of pregnancy. l The normal fetal heart rate is 120 -160 beats/min
Investigations: l Urine should be tested for sugar, ketones and protein. l Hemoglobin will be repeated: l At 36 weeks of gestation. l Every 4 weeks if Hb is < 9 g/dl.
Fetal kick count l The pregnant woman reports at least 10 movements in 12 hours. l Absence of fetal movements precedes intrauterine fetal death by 48 hours.
Health Teaching during the First Trimester l l l Physiological changes during pregnancy Weight gain Fresh air and sunshine Rest and sleep Diet Daily activities Exercises and relaxation Hygiene Teeth Bladder and bowel Sexual counseling l l l l l Smoking : Medications Infection Irradiation Occupational and environmental hazards Travel Follow up Minor discomforts Signs of Potential Complications
Exercise should be simple, mild exercise avoid lifting heavy weights l A tooth can be extracted during pregnancy, but local analgesia is recommended l Catheter and enema should be avoided. l Smoking may lead to ptyalism, nervousness and hyper emesis and make pregnant woman at increased risk of chest infections and thrombo-embolic disorders l
l Pregnant woman should avoid contact with infectious diseases especially rubella or (German measles) because it has deleterious effects on the fetus l Pregnant woman should avoid exposure to x- ray or irradiation because of possible teratogenic effects on the fetus such as birth defects or childhood leukemia
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy, Etiology, and Relief Measures : Urinary frequency RELIEF MEASURES: l l l Decrease fluid intake at night. Maintain fluid intake during day. Void when feel the urge.
Fatigue RELIEF MEASURES: l Rest frequency. l Go to bed earlier.
Sleep difficulties RELIEF MEASURES: l Rest frequency l Decrease fluid intake at night
Breast enlargement and sensitivity RELIEF MEASURES: Wear a good supporting bra. l Assess for other conditions. l
Nasal stuffiness and epistaxis ETIOLGY: Elevated estrogen levels l RELIEF MEASURES : l Avoid decongestants. l Use humidifiers, and normal saline drops.
Ptyalism (excessive salivation) ETIOLGY: Unknown RELIEF MEASURES: l. Perform frequent mouth care. l. Chew gum. l. Decrease fluid intake at night. l. Maintain fluid intake during day.
Nausea and vomiting l RELIEF MEASURES: l Avoid food or smells that exacerbate condition. l Eat dry crackers or toast before rising in morning. l Eat small, frequent meals. l Avoid sudden movements. Get out of bed slowly l Breath fresh air to help relieve nausea.
Shortness of breath l RELIEF MEASURES: l Use extra pillows at night to keep more upright. l Limit activity during day
Heartburn RELIEF MEASURES: Eat small, more frequent meals. l Use antacids. l Avoid overeating and spicy foods. l
Dependent edema l l l Avoid standing for long periods. Elevate legs when laying or sitting. Avoid tight stockings.
Varicosities l l l Rest in sims' position. Elevate legs regularly. Avoid crossing legs. Avoid tight stockings. Avoid long periods of standing
Hemorrhoids RELIEF MEASURES: l. Maintain regular bowel habits. l. Use prescribed stool softeners. l. Apply topical or anesthetic ointments to area.
Constipation RELIEF MEASURES: l. Maintain regular bowel habits. l. Increase fiber in diet. l. Increase fluids. l. Find iron preparation that is least constipating
Leucorrhea RELIEF MEASURES: l. Take a daily bath or shower. l. Wear cotton underwear.
Backache RELIEF MEASURES: l. Wear shoes with low heels. l. Walk with pelvis tilted forward. l. Use firmer mattress. l. Perform pelvic rocking or tilting
Leg cramps l RELIEF MEASURES: Extend affected leg and dorsiflex the foot. l Elevate lower legs frequently. l Apply heat to muscles. l Evaluate diet. l
Faintness RELIEF MEASURES: • Rise slowly from sitting to standing. • Evaluate hemoglobin and hematocrit. • Avoid hot environments
- Comprehensive primary health care approach
- Definition of antenatal care
- Antenatal care definition
- Nice antenatal and postnatal mental health
- Site:slidetodoc.com
- Conclusion on antenatal care
- Importance of antenatal care
- Summary of antenatal care
- Comprehensive care plan
- Comprehensive model of personalised care
- Comprehensive model of personalised care
- Personalised care operating model
- Comprehensive model of personalised care
- Health and social component 3
- Health and social care values unit 2
- Antenatal card
- Antenatal class adalah
- Banc plus 2019
- Antenatal visit
- Antenatal intrapartum and postnatal
- Leopold maneuvers
- 3 weeks pregnant ultrasound
- Mcug
- Comprehensive research definition
- Primary secondary and tertiary care
- Health care system definition
- Health care system definition
- Intellectual definition health and social care
- Home health care definition
- Designation of health care surrogate definition
- Transcultural health care definition
- Public health terminology
- Primary health care principles
- Definition of primary health care services