Week 7 Intro to Judaism Jewish Calendar Whens

Week 7 Intro to Judaism

Jewish Calendar • When’s Hanukah this year? • The same time it is every year! The 25 th of Kislev!

I digress… …by the way…there’s a lunar eclipse tonight.

Time Markers Rotation of earth on its axis (1 day) Revolution of the moon around the earth (1 month-ish) Revolution of the earth around the sun (1 year) Gregorian calendar (ours) focuses only on #1 & #3. Months are arbitrarily set to “fit”. • Jewish calendar attempts to reconcile all 3. • • – Months are either 29 or 30 days (Lunar cycle = 29. 5 days) – Years are then 12 or 13 months (12. 4 months per year) – First month begins when first sliver of moon is visible after new moon. • Calendar begins to “drift” earlier each year, relative to a solar calendar (Passover would get 11 days earlier each year. The Passover was supposed to be a spring festival, so this is problematic. • Sanhedrin were the determiners of the months, etc. If Passover would be too early (winter), every 3 -4 years, they would push back the last month (Adar), inserting an ‘extra month’, Adar I. – In 4 th Century AD, calendar standardized. Lunar calendar sync’d to solar calendar over 19 years. The pattern follows a musical scale of sharps and flats. http: //www. jewfaq. org/calendar. htm

http: //www 3. telus. net/public/kstam/en/images/calendar. gif

Wiersbe on Sacrifice • The shedding of animal blood couldn’t change a person’s heart or take away sin (Heb. 10: 1 -4). However, God did state that the sins of the worshiper were forgiven (Lev. 4: 20, 26, 31, 35; 5: 10, 13, 16, 18; 6: 7); and He did this on the basis of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross (Heb. 10: 5 -14). 2 -1 • Like some people in churches today, Jewish worshipers could merely go through the motions at the altar, without putting their heart into it; but this meant that God had not truly forgiven them (Pss. 50: 8 -14; 51: 16 -17; Isa. 1: 10 -20; Micah 6: 6 -8). God doesn’t want our sacrifices; He wants obedience from our hearts (1 Sam. 15: 22). • The sacrifices described in Leviticus 1 -7 remind us of the basic spiritual needs we have as God’s people: commitment to God, communion with God, and cleansing from God.

Sacrifices NAME PURPOSE VICTIM GOD'S PORTION PRIEST'S PORTION OFFERER'S PORTION 1. Burnt To propitiate for Male, Entire animal Nothing Offering sin in general, unblemished: ox, (hence called ('olah) Lev 1; 6: 8 approach by sheep, goat, or kalil, whole burnt -13; 8: 18 -21; unholy people to dove (according offering) 16: 24 a holy God to wealth) The Holocaust 2. Sin Offering To atone for Priest or Fatty portions All the remainder Nothing (hatta't) Lev 4: 1 - specific congregation: (fat covering (had to be eaten 5: 13; 6: 24 -30; transgressions bullock inwards; within court of 8: 14 -17; 16: 3 -22 where no Ruler: he-goat kidneys, liver, tabernacle) restitution was Commoner: she- caul) possible goat 3. To atone for Ram (only) Fatty portions All the remainder Nothing Trespass/Guilt specific (fat covering (had to be eaten Offering transgressions inwards; within court of ('asham) where restitution kidneys, liver, tabernacle) Lev 5: 14 -6: 7; 7: 1 was possible, caul) -6 damages computed at six-

NAME PURPOSE VICTIM GOD'S PORTION PRIEST'S PORTION OFFERER'S PORTION 4. Peace Offering (shelamin) Peace Offerings are also called Fellowship Offerings in some translations of the Bible. You can read more about them in Leviticus 3. These offerings represented fellowship with God and with other believers. Peace Offerings were the only offering that the worshipper ate. In fact, they were a communion meal. In a symbolic sense everyone ate together: God, priest, worshipper, and others in the faith community. There were actually three types of Peace Offerings. They are. . . 1. Wave offering; Remainder breast--to high (eaten in court, priest the same day) -- 2. Heave offering; this was a right foreleg--to community meal officiating priest (to eaten with others. be eaten in any clean place) For blessing or Unblemished male Fatty portions 1. Wave offering; Remainder b. Votive deliverance already or female breast--to high (eaten in court, Offering granted, when a ox/sheep/goat priest first or second (neder) vow had been 2. Heave offering; day) -- this was a made in support of right foreleg--to community meal Lev 7: 16 the petition officiating priest (to eaten with others. be eaten in any clean place) To express general Male or female Fatty portions 1. Wave offering; Remainder c. Freewill thankfulness and ox/sheep/goat breast--to high (eaten in court, Offering There were also grain and drink love toward God, (minor offerings priest first or second (nedabah) without regard to 2. Heave offering; day) -- this was a (Leviticus 2; 6: 14 -23). Theseimperfections grain and drink specific blessings permitted) right foreleg--to community meal Lev 7: 16 offerings usually accompanied the burnt http: //www. new-life. net/sacrific. htm officiating priest (to eaten with others. a. Thank Offering (towdah) Lev 7: 12 -15 For an unexpected Unblemished male Fatty portions blessing or or female deliverance already ox/sheep/goat granted by God

The Scapegoat by William Holman Hunt, 1854. Hunt had this framed in a picture with the quotations "Surely he hath borne our Griefs and carried our Sorrows; Yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of GOD and afflicted. " (Isaiah 53: 4) and "And the Goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities unto a Land not inhabited. " (Leviticus 16: 22)

Christ’s Sacrifice • • Martyr for the Father Scapegoat and Sacrifice Substitution Restitution Expiation Atonement Redemption

1 Corinthians 5: 6 -8 6 Your boasting is not good. Do you not know that a little leavens the whole lump? 7 Cleanse out the old leaven that you may be a new lump, as you really are unleavened. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. 8 Let us therefore celebrate the festival, not with the old leaven, the leaven of malice and evil, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

Animal sacrifice ceased after the final destruction of the temple (and Jerusalem) in AD 70. This destruction is symbolic of the severance of God’s former covenant with Israel. No longer did they have means for atonement in the law. No longer do they have God’s special blessing or election. Israel became and will remain just another secular nation that happens to have a colorful background in relationship to God. Orthodox Jews still look forward to a messiah’s resumption of sacrifice and Jewish supremacy as part of their eschatological views. Neo-orthodox Jews are considering now restarting “temple sacrifices” without a temple, assuming total restoration isn’t on its way.

The Story Continues God’s glory is guiding. People cry for meat. Spirit on 70 prophets. “I wish that all the Lord’s people were prophets and that the Lord would put his Spirit on them!” (Num 11: 30) Miriam nearly gets zapped. Spies sent into Canaan Wilderness wanderings result

More Zappage Korah’s Rebellion Moses strikes the Rock Balaam’s talking donkey

Manna Hoarfrost size Like Coriander Seed White Color of bdellium Ground and pound into cakes, baked, tasted like olive oil Like wafers made with honey Didn’t last long

Quail God’s glory is guiding.