U S CIVIL WAR 1861 1865 LINCOLN TAKES

U. S. CIVIL WAR 1861 -1865

LINCOLN TAKES OFFICE • Lincoln’s first Inauguration, 7 states had already seceded. Lincoln makes the following statements: • “The Union is perpetual” • “promise not to interfere with slavery in the States where it exists” • Denies secession’s legality • Vows to preserve the Union in face of “insurrection” • Goal is to preserve the Union

States that left AFTER Fort Sumter

Slave States that never seceded !

THE SIDES • Union • • • • • • Maine Vermont New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Ohio Michigan Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Iowa Minnesota Kansas Delaware Maryland W. Virginia Kentucky Missouri Oregon California • Confederacy • Virginia • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia • Tennessee • Arkansas • Alabama • Mississippi • Louisiana • Texas • Florida

THE CONFEDERACY • Capital = Richmond, Virginia • Support was strongest in areas where slavery was strongest • There were still pro-Union areas • Jefferson Davis is president

The North United States Union Federals Blue Billy Yank The South Confederates Rebels Gray Secessionists Johnny Reb

NORTHERN ADVANTAGE • Pop. 22 mil as compared to 9 mil. In south • Outnumbered South 3 to 1 in white males • 90% of manufacturing in North • North and West were open to agriculture • North had more capital ($) • 70% of RR in North • Shipping and Navy controlled by North • Lincoln

SOUTHERN ADVANTAGES • With slaves doing the work, more whites can fight • Familiar with the battleground • Cotton exports = Britain needs cotton, maybe they will be an ally • Strong military tradition = Generals

WAR GOALS • Union • Take Richmond, Vi. (Confederate Capital) • Take Miss. River and cut Confederacy in 2 • Blockade south using the Navy • Confederacy • Defensive War of Attrition – make war so long the North gives up • Appeal to Europe, especially England, to form an alliance

BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR

BATTLE OF BULL RUN • Manassas, Virginia • July 21, 1861 • Confederacy Wins • Led by “Stonewall” Jackson • Union loses, Lincoln calls for 100, 000 troops to enlist for 3 years • Names George Mc. Clellan General of the Union Army • Excellent at organizing and motivating • Afraid to take risks

SHENANDOAH VALLEY • Virginia • March - June 1862 • Confederacy Wins • Stonewall Jackson attacks the North and diverts attention from Richmond • Gen. John Pope had replaced Mc. Clellan, now Mc. Clellan is again given control of the Union’s army

BATTLE OF ANTIETAM • September 17, 1862 • Maryland • Bloodiest day of the war • Combined 23, 000 casualties in just 1 day • Mc. Clellan defeats Lee, but fails to follow and destroy his army • Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG • • July 1 -3, 1863 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Union Victory Lee wants to take Harrisburg, Penn so he can attack D. C. from the North fights off Confederacy Meade Fails to follow Lee and destroy his army Gettysburg Address Turning Point

BATTLE OF VICKSBURG • • July 4, 1863 Mississippi Union Victory Grant cut the fort off from supplies for 6 weeks • Outflanks and takes fort/city • Mississippi R. is now in Union control • South can not receive supplies from the West

SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA • Nov. – Dec. of 1864 • Union Victory • Total War • Physical destruction of everything in Union’s path • William Sherman leads the Union • Take Atlanta after a month, and then Savannah, reach the sea and separate the Confederacy • Live off the land • Take anything in their path and use it to feed/supply/support the Union Army • Devastates and wrecks the South

HOMEWORK! • Explain why, as the Civil War dragged on, the northern advantages become more important and ultimately led to victory. • During war is it fair to destroy or take the property of the civilians of your opposition? Were Sherman’s actions in Georgia moral?