Tudor England 1485 1603 Characteristics of Tudor Rule

Tudor England 1485 - 1603

Characteristics of Tudor Rule • Greatly increased royal power. • Near complete control over Parliament. • Emergence of England as a world power. • Growth of English nationalism. • Tremendous popularity among the people. • Establishment of the protestant church.

Henry VIII u u u King Henry VIII (1509 -1547) Negotiated peace between England France. Built the first royal navy. Conquered Ireland Led the English Reformation Greatly increased royal wealth by dissolving monasteries Married six times in an effort to have a male heir.

All of the following were characteristics of Tudor rule EXCEPT: A. ) They were popular among the people B. ) They greatly increased royal power and wealth C. ) English nationalism disappeared during their rule D. ) They had near complete power over Parliament

Edward VI (1547 -1553) Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour u Assumed throne at age 11. u Strengthened the Protestant Church. u Scholarly and sickly most of his life. Died at age 16. u Left the throne to a protestant cousin, Lady Jane Grey. u

Execution of Lady Jane Grey

Mary I (1553 -1557) “Bloody Mary” • Re-established Catholicism • Married King Philip II of Spain • Lived in constant fear of a protestant overthrow. • Acquired her nickname “Bloody Mary” because of persecution of Protestants

ELIZABETH I (1558 -1603) “The Virgin Queen” • Led England to its greatest heights • Protected Protestantism by establishing the Anglican Church • Encouraged English “seadogs” to raid Spanish fleets and New World colonies • Led the defeat of the Spanish Armada • Encouraged establishment of New World colonies by Sir Walter Raleigh • Renaissance flourished under her rule. • Never married. Tudor dynasty ended with her death in 1603.

The Elizabethan Age

DEFEAT OF THE SPANISH ARMADA - 1588 u u u The Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588. The English navy destroyed or damaged most of the ships in the armada. Out of the original 130 Spanish ships only 67 returned to Spain. England becomes master of the seas Spanish power begins to decline English wealth, power and prestige increases

The Stuart Dynasty 1603 - 1714

Characteristics of Early Stuart Rule § § § Viewed as outsiders by the people Unpopular with people and Parliament Discriminated against Puritans and Catholics Openly violated English law Constantly feuded with Parliament Claimed Divine Right

JAMES I (1603 -1625) § § § Inability to understand English customs caused great unpopularity Persecuted religious minorities forcing many to flee to the New World Ordered the writing of the King James version of the Bible

CHARLES I (1625 -1649) § § § Very arrogant toward Parliament Constantly clashed with Parliament over money Forced to sign Petition of Right in 1625 which reaffirmed the Magna Carta Started a civil war against Parliament in 1642 Executed for Treason in 1649

OLIVER CROMWELL - “Lord Protector” 1649 -1658 § § § Defeated Charles I in the English Civil War Had Charles executed in 1649 Abolished the Monarchy and formed a commonwealth Named himself Lord Protector Imposed his Puritan beliefs on the English people by imposing a strict moral code. Became widely hated Died in 1658

Charles II – The Restoration 1660 -1685 n n n Son of Charles I When the monarchy was restored he returned from exile in France to rule. Parliament passed Habeas Corpus in 1679 which limited the king’s power to jail opponents. He restored many of the rights of the English people that had been outlawed under Cromwell’s rule. He was succeeded by his brother James who became James II

James II and the Glorious Revolution 1685 -1688 n Brother of Charles II. n n n Married a Catholic and converted to Catholicism. Fought with Parliament over appointment of Catholics to high office Had a Protestant daughter, Mary by a previous marriage. He had a son by his second wife and announced that he would be raised a Catholic. This led to fear of a Catholic takeover of the crown. In 1688, James was forced to flee into exile in a bloodless revolution what became known as the “Glorious Revolution”

William and Mary 1689 -1702 n n Agreed to govern as co-rulers and to cooperate with Parliament. Agreed with the English Bill of Rights which was passed in 1689. Parliament created a Limited Monarchy which severely limited the power of the monarchy from that point forward. Succeeded by their daughter Anne after Williams death in 1702.

Anne I (1702 -1714) n n Succeeded her parents William and Mary as Queen. Act of Union in 1707 was passed during her reign which united England, Scotland. She left no heir to the throne thus ending the Stuart Dynasty. A new dynasty the Hanover Dynasty was established and would rule England over the next century.