The Medieval Period The Middle Ages 1066 1485
![The Medieval Period (The Middle Ages) 1066 -1485 “Patience is a high virtue. ” The Medieval Period (The Middle Ages) 1066 -1485 “Patience is a high virtue. ”](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-1.jpg)
![The Norman Conquest of England • Alfred the Great defeated the Danes (King Hrothgar’s The Norman Conquest of England • Alfred the Great defeated the Danes (King Hrothgar’s](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-2.jpg)
![Anglo-Norman Literature • For 200 years (1066 -1260), after the conquest of the Normans, Anglo-Norman Literature • For 200 years (1066 -1260), after the conquest of the Normans,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-3.jpg)
![Feudalism • The political system brought to England by William the Conqueror • All Feudalism • The political system brought to England by William the Conqueror • All](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-4.jpg)
![Feudalism KING Barons Other Nobles Peasants/Serfs Feudalism KING Barons Other Nobles Peasants/Serfs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-5.jpg)
![Peasants/Serfs • The life of a serf was terrible • They were the property Peasants/Serfs • The life of a serf was terrible • They were the property](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-6.jpg)
![The Influence of the Church • At no time in history of England was The Influence of the Church • At no time in history of England was](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-7.jpg)
![Henry II • In 1154, Henry II became King of England • He despised Henry II • In 1154, Henry II became King of England • He despised](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-8.jpg)
![• Instead, Becket defied royal policy and appealed to the Pope. The Pope • Instead, Becket defied royal policy and appealed to the Pope. The Pope](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-9.jpg)
![Growth of Towns • Towns in England were growing rapidly • Townspeople grouped themselves Growth of Towns • Towns in England were growing rapidly • Townspeople grouped themselves](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-10.jpg)
![THE BLACK DEATH… • 1348 -1349—Because of unsanitary conditions, disease was widespread and the THE BLACK DEATH… • 1348 -1349—Because of unsanitary conditions, disease was widespread and the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-11.jpg)
![Middle Ages (later part of the Medieval Period) • As the Black Plague waned, Middle Ages (later part of the Medieval Period) • As the Black Plague waned,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-12.jpg)
![The War of the Roses • Began in 1453, when King Henry VI suffered The War of the Roses • Began in 1453, when King Henry VI suffered](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-13.jpg)
![• This resulted in a Civil War, known as the War of the • This resulted in a Civil War, known as the War of the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-14.jpg)
![Medieval Literature • Crusades (11 th-13 th centuries): holy wars to recapture Jerusalem— Europe Medieval Literature • Crusades (11 th-13 th centuries): holy wars to recapture Jerusalem— Europe](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-15.jpg)
![Medieval Literature • 1476 -William Caxton introduced movable type to England • Geoffrey Chaucer: Medieval Literature • 1476 -William Caxton introduced movable type to England • Geoffrey Chaucer:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-16.jpg)
![Medieval Literature • Ballads: songs of the common people, fourline stanzas that served as Medieval Literature • Ballads: songs of the common people, fourline stanzas that served as](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-17.jpg)
![Other Interesting/Famous Events: • 1215: Magna Carta- limited the power of the King. Caused Other Interesting/Famous Events: • 1215: Magna Carta- limited the power of the King. Caused](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-18.jpg)
- Slides: 18
![The Medieval Period The Middle Ages 1066 1485 Patience is a high virtue The Medieval Period (The Middle Ages) 1066 -1485 “Patience is a high virtue. ”](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-1.jpg)
The Medieval Period (The Middle Ages) 1066 -1485 “Patience is a high virtue. ” Geoffrey Chaucer “The Franklin’s Tale”, The Canterbury Tales “Manners maketh man. ” William of Wykeham—motto of two colleges at Oxford Introductory Notes British Literature
![The Norman Conquest of England Alfred the Great defeated the Danes King Hrothgars The Norman Conquest of England • Alfred the Great defeated the Danes (King Hrothgar’s](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-2.jpg)
The Norman Conquest of England • Alfred the Great defeated the Danes (King Hrothgar’s people) and confined them to the north of England • In 1066, the English King, Edward the Confessor died, and Harold II (Edward’s cousin) claimed that he should be the new king • Duke William of Normandy (with the church’s support) invaded England defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings. • In four years, the Normans killed most of the English nobility and divided the land into estates known as fiefdoms, ruled by the Frenchspeaking barons loyal to William the Conqueror
![AngloNorman Literature For 200 years 1066 1260 after the conquest of the Normans Anglo-Norman Literature • For 200 years (1066 -1260), after the conquest of the Normans,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-3.jpg)
Anglo-Norman Literature • For 200 years (1066 -1260), after the conquest of the Normans, English became a “lower-class” language, one spoken almost by the poor and powerless • The language of the rich was Norman-French • The production of English Literature was nonexistent • The production of Anglo-Norman literature was quite practical, in keeping with the character of the Norman people • Much of it consists of religious tracts and other works meant for general learning
![Feudalism The political system brought to England by William the Conqueror All Feudalism • The political system brought to England by William the Conqueror • All](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-4.jpg)
Feudalism • The political system brought to England by William the Conqueror • All of the land belonged to the King, who granted land to nobility, called Barons – Barons were bound in loyalty to the king, had to raise armies to fight his battles, and pay taxes to support his court • Barons granted land to lesser nobles and required services and taxes from them • At the very bottom of the social order was a class of bondsmen, known as peasants or serfs
![Feudalism KING Barons Other Nobles PeasantsSerfs Feudalism KING Barons Other Nobles Peasants/Serfs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-5.jpg)
Feudalism KING Barons Other Nobles Peasants/Serfs
![PeasantsSerfs The life of a serf was terrible They were the property Peasants/Serfs • The life of a serf was terrible • They were the property](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-6.jpg)
Peasants/Serfs • The life of a serf was terrible • They were the property of their feudal lords and could not leave the land or even marry without permission • They lived on meager diets, suffered terribly from disease, and worked very hard only to turn over much of what they produced for the support of the lord’s household • Occasionally, a serf could earn his freedom by some exceptional service to his lord. This class of freed serfs (or freemen) grew to include many merchants, traders, and artisans.
![The Influence of the Church At no time in history of England was The Influence of the Church • At no time in history of England was](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-7.jpg)
The Influence of the Church • At no time in history of England was the influence of the church greater than during the Medieval period • The Roman Catholic Church had tremendous power, money, and influence • The head of the church was the Pope • Much of the literature of the time was religious
![Henry II In 1154 Henry II became King of England He despised Henry II • In 1154, Henry II became King of England • He despised](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-8.jpg)
Henry II • In 1154, Henry II became King of England • He despised the fact that the church had (technically) more power than he did • He wanted to curb some of that power by appointing his friend, Thomas Becket, to the Archbishop’s seat in Canterbury when it became open. • He expected Becket to go along with his views and support his every wish for change. But…
![Instead Becket defied royal policy and appealed to the Pope The Pope • Instead, Becket defied royal policy and appealed to the Pope. The Pope](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-9.jpg)
• Instead, Becket defied royal policy and appealed to the Pope. The Pope supported Becket, which enraged Henry. • Some of Henry’s knights misunderstood Henry’s rage and in 1170, four of them went to Canterbury and murdered Becket in his cathedral. • Henry quickly condemned the crime and tried to atone for it by making a pilgrimage to Canterbury to Becket’s tomb • He built a shrine to his friend and that shrine became an example of religious devotion
![Growth of Towns Towns in England were growing rapidly Townspeople grouped themselves Growth of Towns • Towns in England were growing rapidly • Townspeople grouped themselves](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-10.jpg)
Growth of Towns • Towns in England were growing rapidly • Townspeople grouped themselves into associations, called guilds, according to their vocation • As these guilds became more powerful, some of them became corrupt • Also, as towns grew, many combined into cities. With the growing population, it was only inevitable that…
![THE BLACK DEATH 1348 1349Because of unsanitary conditions disease was widespread and the THE BLACK DEATH… • 1348 -1349—Because of unsanitary conditions, disease was widespread and the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-11.jpg)
THE BLACK DEATH… • 1348 -1349—Because of unsanitary conditions, disease was widespread and the worst plague in history, the black death, swept through England • It killed one-third of the population
![Middle Ages later part of the Medieval Period As the Black Plague waned Middle Ages (later part of the Medieval Period) • As the Black Plague waned,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-12.jpg)
Middle Ages (later part of the Medieval Period) • As the Black Plague waned, so did the Feudal system • Many peasant revolts caused the noblemen to lose some of their power – 1381 -Peasant Revolt: Jack Straw and Wat Tyler rebelled in demand for individual liberty and human rights • The idea of chivalry and romance emerged once again – Code of chivalry—loyalty, valor, both on and off the battlefield
![The War of the Roses Began in 1453 when King Henry VI suffered The War of the Roses • Began in 1453, when King Henry VI suffered](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-13.jpg)
The War of the Roses • Began in 1453, when King Henry VI suffered his first bout of madness • Parliament appointed his cousin, Richard of York, as temporary head of England until Henry was able to return • Henry recovered briefly and Richard was forced from office. But Richard was not willing to leave without a fight.
![This resulted in a Civil War known as the War of the • This resulted in a Civil War, known as the War of the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-14.jpg)
• This resulted in a Civil War, known as the War of the Roses, because it pitted the House of York (Richard’s side) whose family symbol was a white rose against the House of Lancaster (Henry’s side) whose family symbol was a red rose • The House of Lancaster ultimately won the Civil War in 1485 (30 years later)
![Medieval Literature Crusades 11 th13 th centuries holy wars to recapture Jerusalem Europe Medieval Literature • Crusades (11 th-13 th centuries): holy wars to recapture Jerusalem— Europe](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-15.jpg)
Medieval Literature • Crusades (11 th-13 th centuries): holy wars to recapture Jerusalem— Europe supported and fought in these wars. • Devotion to the Virgin Mary influenced the development of a unique type of literature known as romance—which portrayed the standards of knightly conduct known as chivalry • Romances were stories of adventure and dealt with the exploits of knights (battles, jousts, etc). They would present a series of tests or trials of the knight’s virtues • Most famous---the tales of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. These tales were handed down orally until written down around 1135
![Medieval Literature 1476 William Caxton introduced movable type to England Geoffrey Chaucer Medieval Literature • 1476 -William Caxton introduced movable type to England • Geoffrey Chaucer:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-16.jpg)
Medieval Literature • 1476 -William Caxton introduced movable type to England • Geoffrey Chaucer: in many estimates, he ranks second only to Shakespeare as England’s greatest writer. He wrote The Canterbury Tales, a series of verse told by different pilgrims on their way to the tomb of Thomas Becket
![Medieval Literature Ballads songs of the common people fourline stanzas that served as Medieval Literature • Ballads: songs of the common people, fourline stanzas that served as](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-17.jpg)
Medieval Literature • Ballads: songs of the common people, fourline stanzas that served as entertainment and as records of events that captured the popular imagination. • Robin Hood and similar stories • Morality plays: represented abstract virtues and vices as actual characters • Mystery plays: told stories from the Bible • Miracle plays: told stories from the lives of Saints
![Other InterestingFamous Events 1215 Magna Carta limited the power of the King Caused Other Interesting/Famous Events: • 1215: Magna Carta- limited the power of the King. Caused](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/d050d066803e6e9dd7da471f69aaa024/image-18.jpg)
Other Interesting/Famous Events: • 1215: Magna Carta- limited the power of the King. Caused by Henry II’s son John because he was a heavy taxer, Parliament forced him to sign it • 1339 -1453: 100 Year’s War over possession of French land – Joan of Arc (1412 -1431) helped France to win back its land • Late 14 th century: John Wycliff finished the 1 st complete translation of the Bible into English
The middle ages 1066-1485 unit test
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