The Stratiform and Convective Components of Surface Precipitation

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The Stratiform and Convective Components of Surface Precipitation Andre Tremblay, 2004: The stratiform and

The Stratiform and Convective Components of Surface Precipitation Andre Tremblay, 2004: The stratiform and convective components of surface precipitation. Journal of the atmospheric sciences. , 62, 15131528

對流降水與 層狀降水 出處~Robert A. Houze Jr. , 1997: Stratiform Precipitation in Regions of Convection:

對流降水與 層狀降水 出處~Robert A. Houze Jr. , 1997: Stratiform Precipitation in Regions of Convection: A Meteorological Paradox?

降雨資料分析 l l 來源: 2001 -WMO(World Meteorological Organization)surface rain gauge data 雨量紀錄門檻: 0. 1

降雨資料分析 l l 來源: 2001 -WMO(World Meteorological Organization)surface rain gauge data 雨量紀錄門檻: 0. 1 mm(per 6 hour) 全球約3500個測站,每 6小時一筆資料 資料形式以R為單位(相當於precipitation intensity)

3. precipitation distribution在T時間內的time average為 也就是說,在T時間內的總雨量為

3. precipitation distribution在T時間內的time average為 也就是說,在T時間內的總雨量為

JAN 2 3 1

JAN 2 3 1

JUL

JUL

不同T時間內的 指數回歸式: Stratiform component Convective component

不同T時間內的 指數回歸式: Stratiform component Convective component

Stratiform precipitation model 基本假設: x-z plane U(horizontal air velocity)=10 m/s V(particals’ fall speed)=1 m/s

Stratiform precipitation model 基本假設: x-z plane U(horizontal air velocity)=10 m/s V(particals’ fall speed)=1 m/s Δt=6 h w(updraft intensity)<V

Monte Carlo simulation (7)式的q是probability distribution function(PDF),隨滯留時間τ及 取樣時間尺度δ改變 STEP: 1) Select a random τ<τmax =Δt

Monte Carlo simulation (7)式的q是probability distribution function(PDF),隨滯留時間τ及 取樣時間尺度δ改變 STEP: 1) Select a random τ<τmax =Δt distributed according to (7) 2) Calculate R(τ) from (6) 3) Repeat these steps N times 4) Obtain P(R) from (1)

Different IPSD l IPSD(ice particle size distribution)

Different IPSD l IPSD(ice particle size distribution)

Partition algorithm Hour 480 of July 2001 Thick line【P(R)】Total precipitation Thin line【Ps(R)】Stratiform component Bars【P’(R)】Convective

Partition algorithm Hour 480 of July 2001 Thick line【P(R)】Total precipitation Thin line【Ps(R)】Stratiform component Bars【P’(R)】Convective component Dashed line【Rc】 Rc=20

Rc頻率分布 Rc:critical precipitation rate 2001年的Rc以 8 mm/6 h 的出現頻率為最高, 而之前提到的480 h. July-2001 case其Rc為 20

Rc頻率分布 Rc:critical precipitation rate 2001年的Rc以 8 mm/6 h 的出現頻率為最高, 而之前提到的480 h. July-2001 case其Rc為 20 mm/6 h,因此這個 case可視為convective precipitation 2001

Cumulative power spectra CP(cumulative power)與 頻率F(frequency)關係圖 由Pt(t)分成convective與 stratiform兩部份,再經過 fourier轉換後,所得到的累 積能譜圖

Cumulative power spectra CP(cumulative power)與 頻率F(frequency)關係圖 由Pt(t)分成convective與 stratiform兩部份,再經過 fourier轉換後,所得到的累 積能譜圖