The Cold War Would you rather 1 Live

The Cold War

Would you rather? 1. Live in a society where you have the opportunity to compete to acquire wealth and even become part of the richest 1%, but the basic needs of everyone are not met? or 1. Live in a society where the basic needs of all are met, but there is no opportunity to acquire more wealth than anyone else?

THE COLD WAR

How did tensions between the Soviet Union & the United States influence and shape global events?

Features of the Conflict v The unfolding Cold War also gave rise to an unprecedented level of suspicion, mistrust, paranoia and secrecy. v The American and Soviet intelligence agencies, the CIA and KGB, increased their covert activities around the world, gathering information about enemy states and regimes. v They also sponsored, supported and supplied underground movements, uprisings and conflicts, encouraging so-called ‘proxy wars’

How did tensions between the Soviet Union & the United States influence and shape global events?

Defining The Cold War 1945 -1991 • Competitive ideological struggle between the superpowers: the United States and the Soviet Union Continental Giants • Called a cold war because no direct armed conflict occurred between the two • Fought their ba. Sles through various countries across the globe in Asia, the Americas, & Africa

Definition and Interpretations CW term used prior to 1947 v 14 th century Spanish writer Don Juan Manuel , who distinguished between hot and cold wars when describing the conflict between Christendom and Islam v 19 th century 1893, Eduard Bernstein, a German Marxist leader of the socialist SPD , described arms race between Germany and its neighbours , Britain, France and Russia. v 20 th century In 1945 , American journalist, Walter Lippmann, described the relations between the US and the USSR after 1945

Adolf Hitler: Testament. April 1945 v“With the defeat of the Reich, there will remain in the world only two great powers capable of confronting each other: the United States and Soviet Russia. The laws of both history and geography will compel these two powers to a trial of strength , either military or in the field of economics and ideology. vhttps: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=WZhg. Xs_i. FRs&list=PLHi. AMOi. VIv s. D 2 u 8 g 0 RLwvd. RSc. Ee 9 yi. Ur 5 v. Hitler min 8 -11

What is a Superpower? • A country with superior technological, economic, and military strength • Ability to dictate & control international events to suit its own interests • Used in 1944 to describe the US and SU

Ms. Smith’s War of Words v. Ideological chasm and dissent , from Allies into Nemeses, giant powers v. Period of hostility, tension, mistrust, espionage, arms race, brinkmanship of Nuclear Holocaust, containment of red plague, witch hunt, hot points of the cold potion, tug of war, hot war on ice and on the stage, proxies , intelligence agencies, propaganda , fear …

1. Causes of the Cold War Competing Ideologies Soviet Union – Communist One Party State US – Capitalist Democracy **Both wanted to spread their beliefs and influence around the world and feared the other.

The Soviet Union (USSR) 19171991 Communism (Marxism) • Goal: classless society, no need for money & the state would “wither away” • SU Reality: government control of the economy (banks, businesses, land) on behalf of the people • • • “From each according to their ability; to each according to their need. ” Everyone working for the collec. Pve good Influenced by ideas of Marx and Engels (1848 Communist Manifesto) One Party State • Only Communist Party allowed to exist – “dictatorship of the proletariat” • Rights “unnecessary” - limited free speech, an. P religion, state controlled media and banned protest and dissent • Democra 0 c Centralism – leaders knew what was best for the people

JUXTOPOSITION OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICS v. The Americans wanted free trade between states to endorse economic growth and ship products to the consumers. v. The policy was referred to as an “open door policy”. v. From a Russian Point of view , this was only a new form imperialism. v. By creating economic dependence through the open door policy, the political life will be controlled later. v. The American demand for “ equal rights” was a DEMAND FOR ECONOMIC CONQUEST.

2. The Russian Revolutions 1917 February 1917 – Tsar Nicholas II overthrown by the people After years of exploitation oppression Began with women protesting in the streets of St. Petersburg over food and fuel shortages due to Russia’s participation in WWI Thousands joined, including soldiers and police – Tsar forced to resign Provisional government set up – election planned, but never happened

Propaganda v The Cold War fuelled some of the most virulent propaganda campaigns in human history. v In the West, people were schooled to think the worst of those on the other side of the Iron Curtain; civilians were warned of the possibility of spies, and surprise nuclear strikes; school children learned about air-raid drills, bomb shelters and nuclear fallout.

Paranoïa v It was government agencies that conducted this symphony of nuclear paranoia – but they had willing accomplices among writers, film makers and television studios. v The post-war generation, which should have been one of the most prosperous and content of modern times, grew up thinking that the nuclear clock was ticking and that its own destruction may be imminent.

Origins of the Cold War v The cold war began with mistrust between the Soviet Union (red) and the western democracies (blue).

1. Western Opposition to Bolsheviks v In 1919, Russia’s former World War I allies (Britain, France and the United States) joined the "Whites" to fight off the Bolsheviks following the revolution.

2. The Result: USSR Suspicious of West v This intervention failed and the Red Army of the Bolsheviks secured the power of the new Soviet state. The young USSR government never quite trusted the western democracies after that.

3. Disregard for Soviet Diplomatic Goals v The western democracies did not invite the Soviet Union to participate in the World War I peace talks or the League of Nations.

4. West Did Not Aid in Spanish Civil War v The west did not aid the Republicans fighting the fascists in the Spanish Civil War.

5. USSR Not Invited to Munich Conference v The west did not invite the Soviets to the Munich Conference which decided the fate of Czechoslovakia in the years leading up to World War II, even though the Soviet Union had a security pact with Czechoslovakia.

Western Distrust of the Soviets v The west, for its part, never trusted the Soviet Union.

A DEMOCRACY

B EQUALITY

C CAPITALISM

D INDIVIDUALISM

E COLLECTIVISM

F SOCIALISM

G TOTALITARIANISM

H FREEDOM

2. Soviet Annexation of Eastern Poland v The Soviets negotiated an agreement with Hitler and annexed eastern Poland.

As Inathe result, years. Eastern after World European War nations II, the USA began turned to communist view Stalin & as became a new Soviet Hitler—a satellites: dangerous nations dictator that were who wanted influenced to take by the over USSR the world

3. Soviet Designs on Eastern Europe v By the end of the war Britain and the United States distrusted the Soviet motives in eastern Europe.

World War Two 1939 -1945

Katyn Massacre ( Nazi /USSR/ Poland) Invasion vhttps: //www. rferl. o rg/a/katynmassacre/29166089. h tml

3. Second Front Delay Afer joining the Allies in 1942, Stalin pushed US & Britain to open a 2 nd front against the Nazis Did not occur until June 1944 - Stalin suspicious Allies wanted Nazis to kill as many Soviets as possible Catastrophic losses – Stalingrad 99% of city destroyed, 2 million deaths in 200 days SU total war death toll over 22 million

Western Delay in Opening 2 nd Front v Stalin believed that the western allies were dragging their feet in opening up the "second front" in Europe, so necessary to take the pressure off the struggling Soviet forces in the east.

Stalingrad – Order 270