Soils We cant live without it All land
- Slides: 33
Soils
We can’t live without it • All land life depends on it • There isn’t very much good soil available on Earth • Required to grow plants • All animal life on land depends on plants
What is soil?
Where does soil come from? • All soil starts from rock. Rock that has never been worn down is called bedrock. • Rock must weather (break down) into smaller and smaller pieces • Rock can break down in two ways. – Chemical weathering – Physical weathering
Chemical and Mechanical Weathering • http: //www. brainpop. com/science/weather/ weathering/
Weathered Rock • Weathered rock doesn’t stay put, but is usually moved by erosion • Erosion can happen from wind water ice
Erosion • http: //www. brainpop. com/science/earthsys tem/erosion/
Characteristics of Soil (how we can describe soils) • • Color Particle Size Texture Consistency • p. H • Moisture • Temperature
Soil Color Two sources of color in soils • Minerals in the soil: for example. red clay soils have a lot of iron; brown/black soils have manganese…. different minerals have different colors • Mica is dark Quartz is light Hematite is red
Soil Color, continued • The more organic material, the darker the soil. Organic material comes from dead plants and animals. Organic material in soil is called humus. • Humus is THE most important factor in soil color. The more humus, the darker the soil.
Soil Particle Sizes • Sand—smaller than gravel, you can still see it, feels grainy, water flows through easily • Silt—smaller than sand, can’t see individual particles, feels smooth like powder, water has a harder time flowing through • Clay—smaller than silt, feels sticky, water usually doesn’t flow through
Consistency • Soil consistency means how the soil likes to stick together. It depends on the kinds of minerals in the soil and how much water is in the soil • Does it stick together when you squeeze a handful of it? Does it crumble apart? Is it sticky?
Soil p. H • p. H is the way we measure how acid or basic something is • It usually ranges from 0 to 14. 1 is very acidic while 14 is very basic, 7 is neutral like pure water • Acids: lemon juice, orange juice, sodas • Bases: Clorox, ammonia, baking soda
Some plants like acidic soils
Other plants like basic soils • But if soil is too acid or basic, no plants can grow
What does the p. H level do? • p. H of the soil affects how minerals dissolve. The best p. H for soils and plants is between 6 -7, slightly acidic. • At this p. H, the nutrients from minerals become available to plants. The water in the soil will dissolve the nutrients from the minerals in the soil! Happy plants!
Nutrients • Nutrients are the chemicals that an organism needs to grow or maintain its life.
Soil moisture • Plants need moisture. If soil is too dry, plants won’t grow. If soil is too wet, plants won’t grow. Moisture must fall in a range for plants to grow. too wet too dry
• When soil becomes too dry, it can more easily erode in the wind. • An important example of this is the Dust Bowl from the 1930 s. A drought in the plains states, along with poor farming practices, caused heavy erosion of topsoil.
Dust Bowl, cont. • Dust bowl lasted 10 years! • It took place in the southern Plains States
Soil temperature • If soil temperatures are too high or low, plants can’t grow
Review of Good Soil • Dark in color means high nutrients, both organic (humus) and inorganic (mineral) • Not too dry or wet • Slightly acidic p. H • Not too much sand or clay • Deep layer of topsoil
Soil Horizons
Horizon • Horizon: a side profile of the layers of soil • Soil is usually divided into 3 main layers, but will also include the layers above and below for a total of 5 layers.
O Horizon: Litter • Not really a layer of soil • It’s on top of the first layer of soil • Contains grass, plants, and animals
A Horizon: Topsoil • 1 st layer of soil • Darkest layer of soil (dark brown or black) • Contains humus, plant roots, small animals, water, and nutrients for plant growth • The darker the soil, the more nutrients it contains
B Horizon: Subsoil • • 2 nd layer of soil Lighter in color (reddish brown) Fewer nutrients and water Limited plant growth
C Horizon: Parent Material • • 3 rd layer of soil Lightest in color (gray) No nutrients, animals, or plant growth Contains weathered rock and sediment
R Horizon: Bedrock • Below the last layer of soil • Solid Rock • Has not been weathered or broken down yet • No soil in this layer
Soil Horizons Diagram Copy this into your notes O Horizon: Litter. N A Horizon: Topsoil B Horizon: Subsoil C Horizon: Parent Material R Horizon: Bedrock
- If you don't measure it you can't manage it
- You can t improve what you don t measure
- Cant have one without the other
- Soils in ____ contain little organic material and are thin.
- Latosol soil profile
- Soils alive
- The finest-grained soils are richest in
- Aridisols are soils characteristically found in _______.
- Continuous tubular rails
- What is clorpt?
- Classification of soils
- How does the study of soils help evaluate natural hazards?
- What are the 4 major components of soil
- Which is not true of laterite soils
- A nation that destroys its soil destroys itself
- Ashley soils
- Pedocal soils
- Name three line segments
- An area of land largely enclosed by higher land
- High rocky land usually with steep sides
- Quizler live
- Live healthy live happy
- Can we live without minerals
- Who’s the author of “without title”?
- For my father who lived without ceremony
- Why does pablo neruda urge to keep quiet
- Speed on curves iricen
- Atunci iti cant maret stapanitor
- Shawn der kinderen
- If you cant beat them join them
- Jeb likes cars but he can't drive yet
- Can't judge a powder
- Equilibrium cant in railway
- Os coxae