SBEQ 1112 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I EXCAVATION BARRIERS AND

SBEQ 1112 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I EXCAVATION, BARRIERS AND TIMBERING Mr. Syamsul Hendra Bin Mahmud Department of Quantity Surveying Faculty of the Built Environment Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

EXCAVATION WORKS • Excavation works can be define as the art or process of excavating or digging. • Excavation works can be divided into three types which are shallow, medium or deep excavation depends on their work elements. • Average depth – Shallow (up to 1. 50 m deep) – Medium (between 1. 50 m – 3. 00 m deep) – Deep (over 3. 00 m deep)

EXCAVATION WORKS • Excavation works can be executed either – By manual – By mechanical plant and equipment

EXCAVATION WORKS • Examples of excavation works – Excavate for topsoil – Trench excavation – Excavation for pad footing – Excavation for raft foundation

BARRIERS • Examples for barriers on excavation works – Tripods with continuous tubular rail – Continuous rail fixed to poling boards – Close boarding – Hazards cone with metal stakes

BARRIERS • Examples for barriers on excavation works GAMBAR BARRIERS DARI BUKU CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY (BIRU)

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION • Timbering involved works for temporary supports to the sides of excavations. • Also known as planking and strutting. • The side of excavations will need support to: – Protect the operatives while working in the excavation. – Keep the excavation open as a retaining wall to the sides of the trench. – Retain the surrounding soils

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION • Sides of excavation requires different amount of timbering. • It depends upon several factors: – The nature of the soil to be upheld – The depth of the excavation – Vibration and load from nearby traffic or other causes – Position of water tables – Climate conditions – Length the excavation to remain open

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION • Examples of timbering in hard soils EDIT GAMBAR TAK PERLU

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION • Examples of timbering in firm soils EDIT GAMBAR TAK PERLU

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION • Examples of timbering in dry loose soils EDIT GAMBAR TAK PERLU

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION • Examples of timbering in loose wet soils EDIT GAMBAR TAK PERLU

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION • Adjustable metal struts EDIT GAMBAR

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION • Examples LUKIS SEMULA

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION • Examples LUKIS SEMULA

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION • REFERENCES – Chudley, R. and Greeno, R. (2007) Construction Technology, 4 th Edition, Pearson Education Limited, England. – Chudley, R. and Greeno, R. (2006) Building Construction Handbook, 6 th Edition, Butterworth. Heinemann, England.