SmallScale Integration SSI MediumScale Integration MSI LargeScale Integration

ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ (Small-Scale Integration) SSI (Medium-Scale Integration) MSI (Large-Scale Integration) LSI (very

ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ پﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ : پﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ گﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﺎی ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻣی

CPU ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺩﺍﺧﻠی Control Unit CU Register File Input Output ALU Arithmetic & Logic

ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ Arithmetic Unit CU Register File Input Output AU

ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ CU Register File Input Output AU LU RAM Memory ROM NVM

ﻧیﻮﻣﻦ - ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻥ CU Register File Input Output AU Memory Data Register

cache ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻥ CU Register File Input Output AU LU Cache Memory data m.

ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ کﺪ CU Register File Input Data cache

گﺬﺭگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎی ﺧﺎﺭﺟی CU Register File Input Data cache data m. miandari 14

گﺬﺭگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎی ﺩﺍﺧﻠی CU Register File Input Output AU m. miandari 15 LU

ﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ 80 x 86 • • • 8086 80286

8086 processor 16 bit ALU 16 bit 16 bit data 16 bit 8087 Coprocessor

80286 processor 16 bit Memory manager (virtual memory) ALU 16 bit 16 bit Addr

80386 processor 32 bit Memory manager 16 bit 32 bit (virtual memory) ALU 32

80486 processor 32 bit Memory manager 16 bit 32 bit ALU (virtual memory) 32

Pentium processor ALU 1 32 bit Memory manager 16 bit 32 bit (virtual memory)

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ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ (Small-Scale Integration) SSI (Medium-Scale Integration) MSI (Large-Scale Integration) LSI (very large-scale integration) VLSI • • ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ VLSI ﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤگی ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯی ﻫﺎی • پﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ m. miandari 4

ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ پﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ : پﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ گﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﺎی ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻣی ﺷﻮﻧﺪ Complex Instruction Set Computers – CISC. 1 Reduced Instruction Set Computers - RISC. 2 Hybrid. 3 Special purpose. 4 m. miandari 5

CPU ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺩﺍﺧﻠی Control Unit CU Register File Input Output ALU Arithmetic & Logic Unit Memory m. miandari 8

ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ Arithmetic Unit CU Register File Input Output AU LU Logic Unit Memory m. miandari 9

ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ CU Register File Input Output AU LU RAM Memory ROM NVM m. miandari 10

ﻧیﻮﻣﻦ - ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻥ CU Register File Input Output AU Memory Data Register m. miandari 11 LU Memory Address Register

cache ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻥ CU Register File Input Output AU LU Cache Memory data m. miandari 12 Code

ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ کﺪ CU Register File Input Data cache data m. miandari 13 Output AU LU Instruction cache Code

گﺬﺭگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎی ﺧﺎﺭﺟی CU Register File Input Data cache data m. miandari 14 Output AU LU Instruction cache Code

گﺬﺭگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎی ﺩﺍﺧﻠی CU Register File Input Output AU m. miandari 15 LU Data cache Instruction cache data Code

ﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ 80 x 86 • • • 8086 80286 80386 80486 Pentium 18 m. miandari

8086 processor 16 bit ALU 16 bit 16 bit data 16 bit 8087 Coprocessor m. miandari MAIN MEMORY 1 MB 19 Addr 20 bit ess

80286 processor 16 bit Memory manager (virtual memory) ALU 16 bit 16 bit Addr 24 bit ess data 16 bit MAIN MEMORY 80287 Coprocessor m. miandari 16 MB 20

80386 processor 32 bit Memory manager 16 bit 32 bit (virtual memory) ALU 32 bit data 32 bit MAIN MEMORY 80387 Coprocessor m. miandari Addr ess 32 bit 4 GB 21

80486 processor 32 bit Memory manager 16 bit 32 bit ALU (virtual memory) 32 bit 80387 Co-Processor data Cache Memory 8 KB Addr 32 bit ess 32 bit MAIN MEMORY m. miandari 22 4 GB

Pentium processor ALU 1 32 bit Memory manager 16 bit 32 bit (virtual memory) 32 bit Co-Processor Data Cache 8 KB data Instruction Cache 8 KB Addr 32 bit ess 32 bit MAIN MEMORY m. miandari 23 4 GB ALU 2 Pre-Fetch Unit Jump Prediction