RNA and Transcription DNA RNA PROTEIN RNA and

RNA and Transcription DNA RNA PROTEIN

RNA and Transcription

RNA • Ribonucleic Acid • another type of nucleic acid similar to DNA found in cells – also a polymer made of nucleotides • takes information from the nucleus to the rest of the cell

DNA-RNA Comparison Chart DNA nucleotide sugar nitrogen bases number of strands location in the cell RNA

DNA-RNA Comparison Chart DNA nucleotide sugar nitrogen bases number of strands location in the cell deoxyribose RNA

DNA-RNA Comparison Chart DNA nucleotide sugar nitrogen bases number of strands location in the cell deoxyribose adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine RNA

DNA-RNA Comparison Chart DNA nucleotide sugar nitrogen bases number of strands location in the cell deoxyribose adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine double (2) RNA

DNA-RNA Comparison Chart DNA nucleotide sugar nitrogen bases number of strands location in the cell deoxyribose adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine double (2) nucleus RNA

DNA-RNA Comparison Chart nucleotide sugar nitrogen bases number of strands location in the cell DNA RNA deoxyribose adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine double (2) nucleus

DNA-RNA Comparison Chart nucleotide sugar nitrogen bases number of strands location in the cell DNA RNA deoxyribose adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine uracil double (2) nucleus

DNA-RNA Comparison Chart nucleotide sugar nitrogen bases number of strands location in the cell DNA RNA deoxyribose adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine uracil double (2) single (1) nucleus

DNA-RNA Comparison Chart nucleotide sugar nitrogen bases number of strands location in the cell DNA RNA deoxyribose adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine uracil double (2) single (1) nucleus & cytoplasm

Transcription • process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA – synthesis (making) of RNA

Transcription • during transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA at a promoter (start) site unzipping the DNA double strand

Transcription

RNA polymerase • enzyme that produces RNA • uses one of the DNA strands as a template from which RNA nucleotides are assembled to make m. RNA – m. RNA = messenger RNA Transcription Animation

RNA Editing • before the m. RNA can leave the nucleus it has to be edited – it receives a cap and a tail – introns are cut out and exons spliced together

RNA Editing • Intron – sequence of DNA that is NOT involved in coding for a protein • Exon – expressed sequence of DNA that codes for a protein

RNA Editing

3 types of RNA • m. RNA = messenger RNA – carries message from DNA in the nucleus into cytoplasm where ribosomes are located

3 types of RNA • t. RNA = transfer RNA – connects amino acids to protein chain

3 types of RNA • r. RNA = ribosomal RNA – makes up a portion of a ribosome

DNA after Transcription • after transcription of RNA is complete, the strands of the DNA double helix hydrogen bond back together at the nitrogen bases – allows DNA to remain unchanged and used for the transcription of additional RNA molecules

RNA after Transcription • after m. RNA is edited, it leaves the nucleus

RNA after Transcription • once it gets to the ribosome, it will help make a protein

Think, Pair, Share…

1. Is the RNA strand below copied from the DNA strand on the left or the DNA strand on the right? 2. How do you know?

1. The RNA is made from the strand on the LEFT. 2. RNA is transcribed complementary.

Summary • Transcribe the template DNA strand on the right into a single stranded piece of m. RNA.