DNA Transcription and Translation SC 912 L 16

DNA Transcription and Translation • SC. 912. L. 16. 5 – Describe the basic processes of protein synthesis; transcription and translation. – Explain how transcription and translation result in the expression of genes. – Demonstrates transcription given a DNA template. – Demonstrate translation given an m. RNA message segment and codon table.

The Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein • Transcription- making m. RNA from DNA • Translation- making proteins from m. RNA – Amino acids link together to make proteins

Transcription • Transcription is the process of making a complementary molecule of m. RNA (messenger RNA) from a DNA template. This takes place in the nucleus. • RNA polymerase unwinds, reads and places the correct nucleotide on the m. RNA strand according to base pairing rules (A to U, C to G, T to A).

RNA vs. DNA • RNA 1. Single stranded 2. Contains the base uracil 3. Contains ribose • DNA 1. Double stranded 2. Contains the base thymine 3. Contains deoxyribose

Translation • Translation is the process of reading the m. RNA molecule made during transcription, and placing the correct amino acid in the polypeptide chain. This occurs in the cytoplasm. • It involves the m. RNA, a ribosome, t. RNA (transfer RNA), and amino acids.

The Genetic Code • The genetic code is the universal system that assigns amino acids according to codons. • A codon is a series of 3 bases on the m. RNA molecule that codes for an amino acid.

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