Redesigning Writing Units Practical and Engaging Teaching Practices

Redesigning Writing Units: Practical and Engaging Teaching Practices for Opinion/Argumentation Kathy Glass, Solution Tree Consultant Woodside, California Solution. Tree. com/Kathy-Tuchman-Glass. html

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Webinar Agenda

Argumentation Topics Ü Overview of Argumentation Ü Argumentation Teaching Ideas Ü Sharing Expectations Ü Argumentation Rubric Ü Writing Tasks Ü Argumentation Thesis Statements

Overview of Argumentation

Argumentation • Definition: a reasoned, logical way of demonstrating that the writer’s position, belief, or conclusion is valid. • Purposes: ü change the reader’s point of view, ü bring about some action on the reader’s part, OR ü ask the reader to accept the writer’s explanation or evaluation. kathytglass@yahoo. com | www. kathyglassconsulting. com (adapted excerpt) © Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved.

ethos pathos logos “. . . A logical argument. . . convinces the audience because of the perceived merit and reasonableness of the claims and proofs offered rather than either the emotions the writing evokes in the audience or the character or credentials of the writer…. ” CCSS Appendix A, p. 24

Aristotle’s Appeals the source's credibility, the speaker's/author's authority • Logos (logical): the logic used to support a claim; the facts, statistics, and other evidence used to help support the argument. • Pathos (emotional): the emotional or motivational appeals; vivid language, emotional language and numerous sensory details. • Ethos (credibility): http: //courses. durhamtech. edu/perkins/aris. html | Aristotle: Greek philosopher and scientist; born 384 BCE

Types of Evidence • Examples: events or case studies • Statistics: numerical facts or data • Testimony: eyewitness or expert • Tangible objects: objects or pictures of them (e. g. , documents, maps, artifacts) The New Art and Science of Teaching Writing, Glass & Marzano, p. 85

Argumentation Teaching Ideas

Argumentation Teaching Ideas • Compare exemplary argumentation samples and identify commonalities. • Annotate papers to identify elements. • Complete graphic organizers for sample papers, own papers, and peers’ papers. • Use rubric as an instructional tool to assess strong and weak papers. • Revise papers based on certain skills. (Re)Designing Argumentation Writing Units by Kathy Glass

The Structure and Elements of an Argument Claim: Reason: Evidence: Elaboration: Counterargument(s): Adapted from The New Art and Science of Teaching Writing, Glass & Marzano, p. 83

The Structure and Elements of an Argument Claim Reason Position or belief; thesis Reason Why the claim is true Evidence Reason Evidence Quotes, facts, examples Elaboration Interpretation of evidence Counterargument Address and acknowledge opposition Adapted from The New Art and Science of Teaching Writing, Glass & Marzano, p. 83

What argumentation elements appear in the text? Characteristic Elements Claim Reasons Evidence Question Prompts Example What does the author believe? Why does the author think his/her claim is true? Why should we believe him/her? How do we know this is true? What is his/her evidence? Elaboration How does the evidence connect to the author’s claim? Counterargument What are the opposing views and their weaknesses? Adapted from The New Art and Science of Teaching Writing, Glass & Marzano, p. 83, Fig. 5. 9

Argumentation Characteristics Characteristic Elements Question Prompts Example What do you believe? Claim Reasons Evidence Why do you think your claim is true? Why should we believe you? How do we know your claim is true? What is your evidence? Elaboration How does your evidence connect to your claim? Counterargument What are the opposing views and their weaknesses? The New Art and Science of Teaching Writing, Glass & Marzano, p. 83, Fig. 5. 9

Introducing Argumentation in Elementary My new idea is … (claim) I think this is true because … (reason) I actually saw … (evidence) But I don’t know … (counterargument/evidence) The New Art and Science of Teaching Writing, Glass & Marzano, p. 84

Sharing Expectations

Roundtable Strategy to Share Expectations 1. Take out one piece of paper group. 2. Each group member needs a pen or pencil. 3. Rotate the paper to create a bulleted or numbered list in response to this prompt: What do strong argument papers include? Add elements of strong writing in general. 4. Avoid duplications. www. solutiontree. com/kathy-tuchman-glass. html

Argumentation Writing Checklist Excerpt BODY PARAGRAPHS q Each topic sentence is a logical and valid reason that supports my argument and connects to thesis. q I support each reason with relevant, accurate, and sufficient evidence that I smoothly integrate into my paper. q I give proper attribution to my sources through in-text citations. q I interpret, analyze or comment about the evidence to explain what it means in favor of my argument. q I briefly summarize the main points of each paragraph. The New Art and Science of Teaching Writing, Glass & Marzano, p. 84

Roundtable Strategy to Share Checklist 1. Use group input to create a classgenerated list. 2. Review collective list. ü Add or delete items. ü Combine items; add subheadings. 3. Cross-reference class list with prepared checklist. 4. Use checklist as an instructional tool. www. solutiontree. com/kathy-tuchman-glass. html

Argumentation Rubric

Argument Writing Rubric (Excerpt) 4 Introduction: Attractive opening Hook and draws in Context readers and Create a hook provides to draw in the clear context reader and for provide argument; context. sophisticated 3 Opening draws in readers and provides context 2 Opening attempts to engage and provides some context 1 0 Weakly stated No hook or or insufficient context; clearly incomplete The New Art and Science of Teaching Writing, Glass & Marzano, p. 17+

Argument Writing Rubric (Excerpt) 4 Introduction: Thoughtful thesis clearly Thesis states the Introduce a claim and claim through includes a thesis subordinate statement; use clause to set a subordinate up the clause to set argument; up the focuses on argument; debatable focus on topic; debatable sophistitopic. cated 3 Thesis states the claim using a subordinate clause to set up the argument; focuses on debatable topic 2 Thesis focuses on debatable topic 1 Weakly stated or unclear thesis; may not be debatable The New Art and Science of Teaching Writing, Glass & Marzano, p. 17+ 0 No thesis

Argumentation Rubric (Excerpt)

Writing Tasks

Argumentation/Analysis (Task A 4) [Insert optional question] After (reading or researching) _____ (literary texts, informational texts, or both on _____ content) write _____ (product) to argue _____ (content). Support your position with evidence from the text or texts. Literacy Design Collaborative Task Template kathytglass@yahoo. com | www. kathyglassconsulting. com

Argumentation/Analysis (Task A 4) Would you recommend living forever? After reading Tuck Everlasting, write an essay to argue the benefit or liability of immortality. Support your position with evidence from the text or texts. Be sure to acknowledge competing views. www. solutiontree. com/kathy-tuchman-glass. html

Argumentation/Analysis (Task A 4) Can photographs fuel change? After researching and studying pictures from the civil rights movement, write an argumentation essay to argue whether photographs can be as compelling as words to fuel action and change. Support your position with evidence from the photographs and texts. Include citations. (Re)Designing Argumentation Writing Units by Kathy Glass (Solution Tree, 2017)

Argumentation/Evaluation (Task A 9) [Insert optional question] After (reading or researching) _____ (literary texts and informational texts on _____ content) write _____ (product) to discuss _____ (content) and evaluate _____ (content). Support your position with evidence from the text or texts. Literacy Design Collaborative Task Template kathytglass@yahoo. com | www. kathyglassconsulting. com

Argumentation/Evaluation (Task A 9) Would Qin Shi Huang, the emperor of China, make a good leader today? After reading “The Emperor’s Silent Army, ” write an argumentation essay to discuss Qin Shi Huang’s traits and actions and evaluate whether he’d make a good leader today. Support your position with evidence from the text or texts. (Re)Designing Argumentation Writing Units by Kathy Glass (Solution Tree, 2017)

Argumentation Thesis Statements

Non-debatable thesis statement: Since smoking is detrimental to a person’s health, people should avoid this habit. Debatable thesis statement: Since predators lurk on the Internet, parents should sanction the computers that children use at home. Debatable thesis statement: Even though vapor cigarettes are reported to be safer than conventional cigarettes, both forms of inhalation should be banned in public places. www. solutiontree. com/kathy-tuchman-glass. html

Complex Sentences combination of independent and dependent clauses www. solutiontree. com/kathy-tuchman-glass. html

An independent clause is a simple sentence. It can stand alone. A dependent clause depends on something else and cannot stand alone.

1 Complex Sentence INDEPENDENT CLAUSE The pilot seemed to open up a bit and smiled when he saw Brian look at him. Excerpt from Hatchet by Gary Paulsen

2 Complex Sentence DEPT. CLAUSE INDPT. CLAUSE , When he saw Brian look at him, the pilot seemed to open up a bit and smiled. Excerpt from Hatchet by Gary Paulsen

DEPENDENT CLAUSE VERB SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION SUBJECT

Subordinating Conjunctions (Re)Designing Argumentation Writing Units by Kathy Glass (Solution Tree 2017), p. 76

Making dependent clauses Subordinating Conjunction Subject Verb After Although Before Even if If Since Until When While www. solutiontree. com/kathy-tuchman-glass. html

Let’s CHAT! Active participation opportunity

1: YES, it begins with a dependent clause 2: NO, it does not begin with a dependent clause 3: I’m not sure. 1. “When I walked each morning into town for school, my dog followed me this far, ” she said. 2. In the earlier times, she had always overheard laughter. 3. If Mr. Rosen knew, he might be in danger. 4. From downstairs, they could hear Mama’s voice. 5. Although Uncle Henrik no longer raised crops on the farm, he still kept a cow. Excerpts from Number the Stars by L. Lowry

Complex Sentence DEPT. CLAUSE INDPT. CLAUSE , Since athletes are sensitized to maximizing their performance, they are motivated to illegally take steroids. www. solutiontree. com/kathy-tuchman-glass. html

Developing a Thesis for an Argument TOPIC DEPENDENT CLAUSE (set up for the argument) INDEPENDENT CLAUSE (argument) Global After scientific warming* evidence reveals a warming of the climate system, it is likely that human activity has contributed to climate-warming trends over the past century. Government surveillance the government should be allowed to monitor all global communication to avoid such crimes. Since innocent people can fall victim to terrorist events, * https: //climate. nasa. gov/evidence/ (Re)Designing Argumentation Writing Units by Kathy Glass

Task Time Choose a topic and draft a thesis statement to share. www. solutiontree. com/kathy-tuchman-glass. html

Recap of Argumentation Topics Ü Overview of Argumentation Ü Argumentation Teaching Ideas Ü Sharing Expectations Ü Argumentation Rubric Ü Writing Tasks Ü Argumentation Thesis Statements

Let’s CHAT! Chat a response to this question: What is your most significant take-away?

Kathy Tuchman Glass Woodside, CA 94062 Download Power. Point: Kathy. Glass. Consulting. com Solution. Tree. com/Kathy-Tuchman-Glass. html