Present Imperfect and Perfect Tenses English has a

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Present, Imperfect, and Perfect Tenses

Present, Imperfect, and Perfect Tenses

English has a present tense and a past tense.

English has a present tense and a past tense.

Present Tense She praises her mother. She is praising her mother. She does praise

Present Tense She praises her mother. She is praising her mother. She does praise her mother.

Past Tense She praised her mother. She was praising her mother. She did praise

Past Tense She praised her mother. She was praising her mother. She did praise her mother.

Latin is better. Latin has a present tense and TWO past tenses

Latin is better. Latin has a present tense and TWO past tenses

Present Tense puella matrem laudat. The girl praises her mother. The girl is praising

Present Tense puella matrem laudat. The girl praises her mother. The girl is praising her mother. The girl does praise her mother.

Imperfect Tense puella matrem laudābat. The girl was praising her mother. The girl used

Imperfect Tense puella matrem laudābat. The girl was praising her mother. The girl used to praise her mother.

Perfect Tense puella matrem laudāvit. The girl praised her mother. The girl did praise

Perfect Tense puella matrem laudāvit. The girl praised her mother. The girl did praise her mother. The girl has praised her mother.

puella matrem laudābat. – Imperfect Tense The girl was praising her mother. puella matrem

puella matrem laudābat. – Imperfect Tense The girl was praising her mother. puella matrem laudāvit. – Perfect Tense The girl praised her mother.

What’s going on here? laudābat means “she was praising”? laudāvit means “she praised”? So

What’s going on here? laudābat means “she was praising”? laudāvit means “she praised”? So they both happened in the past? NON INTELLEGO.

The imperfect tense is used for continuing or repeated action in the past. The

The imperfect tense is used for continuing or repeated action in the past. The perfect tense is for single events completed in the past. See the difference?

Oh, I get it now! puella matrem laudābat cotidie. The girl was praising her

Oh, I get it now! puella matrem laudābat cotidie. The girl was praising her mother daily. puella matrem laudāvit heri. The girl praised her mother yesterday. Cicero librum scribēbat. Cicero librum scripsit. Cicero was writing a book. Cicero wrote a book.

BENE! OPTIME! bonus discipulus es.

BENE! OPTIME! bonus discipulus es.

Present Tense present stem personal ending

Present Tense present stem personal ending

Personal Endings of Verbs • the last part of a verb form identifies the

Personal Endings of Verbs • the last part of a verb form identifies the subject • three persons • two numbers

Personal Endings of Verbs for the present tense 1 st sing. 2 nd sing.

Personal Endings of Verbs for the present tense 1 st sing. 2 nd sing. 3 rd sing I you he, she, it 1 st plural we 2 nd plural you all 3 rd plural they -ō/m -s -t -mus -tis -nt

Present Tense 1 st 2 nd 3 rd sing laud ō laudā s laudā

Present Tense 1 st 2 nd 3 rd sing laud ō laudā s laudā t 1 st 2 nd 3 rd plural laudā mus laudā tis laudā nt

Imperfect Tense present stem tense sign -BĀpersonal ending

Imperfect Tense present stem tense sign -BĀpersonal ending

Imperfect Tense 1 st 2 nd 3 rd sing laudā ba m laudā bā

Imperfect Tense 1 st 2 nd 3 rd sing laudā ba m laudā bā s laudā ba t 1 st 2 nd 3 rd plural laudā bā mus laudā bā tis laudā ba nt

Perfect Tense perfect stem perfect personal ending

Perfect Tense perfect stem perfect personal ending

How can I find the Perfect Stem? from the 3 rd principal part

How can I find the Perfect Stem? from the 3 rd principal part

st 1 principal part laudō This is the 1 st singular present tense. “I

st 1 principal part laudō This is the 1 st singular present tense. “I praise”

nd 2 principal part laudāre This is the present infinitive. “to praise” present stem

nd 2 principal part laudāre This is the present infinitive. “to praise” present stem + re

rd 3 principal part laudāvī This is the perfect tense. “I praised” perfect stem

rd 3 principal part laudāvī This is the perfect tense. “I praised” perfect stem + perfect personal ending

Perfect Tense Personal Endings 1 st sing. 2 nd sing. 3 rd sing I

Perfect Tense Personal Endings 1 st sing. 2 nd sing. 3 rd sing I you he, she, it 1 st plural we 2 nd plural you all 3 rd plural they -ī -istī -it -imus -istis -ērunt

Perfect Tense 1 st 2 nd 3 rd sing laudāv ī laudāv istī laudāv

Perfect Tense 1 st 2 nd 3 rd sing laudāv ī laudāv istī laudāv it 1 st 2 nd 3 rd plural laudāv imus laudāv istis laudāv ērunt

portō, portāre, portāvī present portat imperfect portābat perfect portāvit

portō, portāre, portāvī present portat imperfect portābat perfect portāvit

ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī present ambulat imperfect ambulābat perfect ambulāvit

ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī present ambulat imperfect ambulābat perfect ambulāvit

dicō, dicere, dixī present dicit imperfect dicēbat perfect dixit

dicō, dicere, dixī present dicit imperfect dicēbat perfect dixit

regō, regere, rexī (rule) present regit imperfect regēbat perfect rexit

regō, regere, rexī (rule) present regit imperfect regēbat perfect rexit

mittō, mittere, misī (send) present mittit imperfect mittēbat perfect misit

mittō, mittere, misī (send) present mittit imperfect mittēbat perfect misit

scribō, scribere, scripsī present scribit imperfect scribēbat perfect scripsit

scribō, scribere, scripsī present scribit imperfect scribēbat perfect scripsit

moneō, monēre, monuī (warn) present monet imperfect monēbat perfect monuit

moneō, monēre, monuī (warn) present monet imperfect monēbat perfect monuit

FINIS

FINIS