PAST SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST SIMPLE FOR

PAST SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST SIMPLE • FOR AN ACTION WHICH HAPPENED AT A DEFINITE TIME IN THE PAST. THE TIME IS STATED , ALREADY KNOWN • FOR ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED IMMEDIATELY ONE AFTER THE OTHER IN THE PAST • FOR PAST HABITS OR STATES WHICH ARE NOW FINISHED + VED/V 2 - DID NOT (DIDN’T) + V ? DID + S + V…? LAST NIGHT/WEEK/MONTH/YEAR YESTERDAY, THEN, WHEN, AGO HOW LONG AGO?

PRESENT PERFECT • FOR AN ACTION WHICH STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES UP TO THE PRESENT • FOR AN ACTION WHICH HAS RECENTLY FINISHED AND WHOSE RESULT IS VISIBLE IN THE PRESENT • FOR AN ACTION WHICH HAPPENED AT AN UNSTATED TIME IN THE PAST. THE EXACT TIME ISN’T MENTIONED BECAUSE IT IS UNIMPORTANT + HAVE (HAS) + V 3/VED - HAVEN’T (HASN’T) + V 3/VED ? HAVE (HAS)+ S + V 3/VED… ? FOR, SINCE, ALREADY, YET, JUST, EVER, SO FAR, THIS WEEK/MONTH, HOW LONG, LATELY, RECENTLY, STILL

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS • TO PUT EMPHASIS ON THE DURATION OF AN ACTION WHICH STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES UP TO THE PRESENT, ESPECIALLY WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS SUCH AS FOR, SINCE, ALL MORNING/DAY/YEAR • FOR AN ACTION WHICH STARTED IN THE PAST AND LASTED FOR SOME TIME. THE ACTION MAY HAVE FINISHED OR MAY STILL BE GOING ON. THE RESULT OF THE ACTION IS VISIBLE IN THE PRESENT • TO EXPRESS ANGER, IRRITATION, ANNOYANCE + HAVE (HAS) BEEN + VING - HAVEN’T (HASN’T) BEEN + V ING ? HAVE (HAS) + S + BEEN + VING…? FOR, SINCE, HOW LONG, LATELY, RECENTLY