PAST PARTICIPLES AND THE PERFECT TENSES PAST PARTICIPLES

PAST PARTICIPLES AND THE PERFECT TENSES

PAST PARTICIPLES • Past participles are words like “eaten, ” “fallen, ” “found, ” “arranged, ” “left, ” “denied” • They are a verb form that can be used as an adjective OR as part of a perfect tense

PAST PARTICIPLES • In Spanish, past participles are formed by dropping the “-ar” and adding –ado, or the “-er, ” “-ir” and adding -ido Examples: comer (to eat) comido (eaten) hablar (to speak) hablado (spoken)

More examples: vender (to sell) vendido (sold) casar (to marry) casado (married) barrer (to sweep) barrido (swept) cansar (to tire, wear out) cansado (tired)

Not ALL past participles are formed by adding –ado or –ido. Some are irregular! Do you know what past participles the following verbs take? abrir abierto morir muerto cubrir cubierto poner puesto resuelto descubrir descubierto resolver decir dicho romper roto hacer hecho ver visto escribir escrito volver vuelto

PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES

When past participles act as adjectives, they must agree with the noun they modify: The house was sold. (vender) La casa fue vendida. Rebecca is tired in the morning. (cansar) Rebecca está cansada por la mañana. The light is turned off. (apagar) La luz está apagada.

El DVD debe ser rebobinado. (rebobinar=to rewind)

Las vacas están usadas.

¡Ahora te toca a ti! 1. The car washed. (lavar) 2. The waitress was fired. (despedir) 3. The reserved room is mine. (reservar). 4. I have my plans arranged. (arreglar).

1. El coche fue lavado. 2. La mesera (camarera fue despedida. 3. La habitación reservada es mía. 4. Tengo mis planes arreglados.

Now try the following irregular verbs. They STILL must agree with the noun they modify: The broken window is your fault. (romper) La ventana rota es tu culpa. My grandparents are dead. (morir) Mis abuelos están muertos. The table is set. (poner) La mesa está puesta.

PAST PARTICIPLES AS PART OF THE PERFECT TENSES

PERFECT TENSES • In Spanish, a perfect tense just means “has/have/had done, ” for example “I have eaten. ” • All perfect tenses are formed as follows: HABER + PAST PARTICIPLE (to have) (done)

Present tense of “HABER” is as follows: he yo has tú él, ella ha Ud. hemos nosotros/as ellos, ellas, han Uds. This is translated as: I have done, you have done, he has done, we have done, they have done

Past tense of “HABER” is as follows: había nosotros/as habíamos yo habías tú él, ella había ellos, ellas, habían Ud. Uds. This is translated as: I had done, you had done, he had done, we had done, they had done

NEVER change the past participle when it’s part of a perfect tense. Verbs don’t have gender, only nouns and adjectives.

Examples: I have traveled. (viajar) He viajado. I had traveled. Había viajado. We have returned. (volver) ¡ojo! Hemos vuelto. They had fastened. . . (poner) ¡ojo! Habían puesto.

But, how can I remember that the PERFECT tenses mean “to have done” something?

OH, PERFECT! NOW YOU’VE DONE IT! Get it? “Perfect tense” is you “have done” something. This will help you remember what perfect tense means!