Political Parties Emerge and Change 1796 1850 From

Political Parties Emerge and Change, 1796 - 1850 From Alexander Hamilton to Andrew Jackson to the

Why pol. Parties emerge? �Arguments started btwn Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton @ the end of Washington’s Presidency, � it got worse under President John Adams. � 3 major issues caused the divide btwn them The National Bank Jay’s Treaty The Quasi-War with France

National Bank �assume all of the states’ debts �the govt empowered the Bank to set economic policies. �Hamilton liked this; Jefferson did not!

Jays Treaty Jay’s Treaty with England was viewed as weak, deferential, and pro-English.

Quasi- War or Undeclared War on France �some Americans sympathized with France and sought to negotiate with them.

The Federalist Party � The Federalist Party was led by Alexander Hamilton � encouraged strong ties with England, England � favored of a strong national government � govt to promote both industry and commerce � Believed the wealthy should run the govt. � were supported by bankers, businessmen, and the citizens of New England. � Believed in loose

The Democratic-Republicans � Thomas Jefferson was the leader of the Democratic. Republicans. � pro-France when it came to diplomatic relations. � favored a weaker national government, government � Favored more states rights � Distrust of the wealthy � favored agriculture supported by small farmers and artisans in the South and on the frontier and West.

The Election of 1800 �Jefferson (dem-rep) v. Adams (fed) �Thomas Jefferson won � first every peaceful transfer of power in American History took place. He was inaugurated in 1801. �important because Americans had proven that a democratic system of government could work,

Jefferson’s Presidency �Louisiana Territory �Marbury V. Madison �Several incidents which would lead to the War of 1812

MARBURY v. MADISON (1803) Background of the Case: Outcome: President Adams made appointed • Judges to Supreme Court right • before he left office. Jefferson became Presi and ordered that the appointments not be delivered. Marbury sued saying that it had to be delivered b/c of the Judiciary act of 1789. Ruled against Marbury John Marshall (chief Justice) said the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional Impact: Increased the power of the Supreme Court and Federal govt. The Supreme Court can now strike down a law passed by Congress. *JUDICIAL REVIEW* (Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional)

The Louisiana Purchase (1803) �US tried to buy New Orleans �France/Napoleon offers ALL Louisiana territory for $15 million

The Louisiana Impact �Doubled the size of the USA �Lewis + Clark ◦ Find route to Pacific �Missouri River – Rocky Mtns – Columbia River ◦ Sacagawea – guide/interpreter

Incidents leading to War of 1812 �British attacking our ships �Jefferson passes and embargo or stops all trade with all countries �Hurts US economy and doesn’t solve any issues

President James Madison (1809 -1817) �Jefferson steps down after 2 terms �Madison elected �Inherits �@ a Democratic Republican is all the probs w/ GB 1 st tries peaceful negotiations but GB doesn’t respect US

Causes of War of 1812 �British seizure of ships and impressment of American sailors �British still occupied forts in American western territory �British giving Native Americans weapons and encouraging them to attack Americans �War Hawks saw it as an opportunity for land

How the War divided the Nation Federalists Democratic- Republican � Want war w/ Britain � Southern & Western States – pro- French ***take Canada from Britain ***opportunity for land! ***assert USA strength � Want peace w/ GB � New England states - pro-British ***Called it Mr. Madison’s war ***Talked of secession ***Proposed constitutional amendments

Mad Madison goes to War �Orders Britain to respect USA ships **Britain refuses **War declared 1812

The Invasions of Canada (1812 -1813) �US fails in several attacks on Canada �USA becomes divided over war ◦ Federalist, NE USA oppose the war – close ties to Britain

The rockets red glare… �The Battle of Washington DC (August 23 -30, 1814) ◦ Britain moves up the Chesapeake Bay �burn down the White House �Americans get angry and show support for war

The Battle of Baltimore (September 12 -15, 1814) �British attack Ft. Mc. Henry in Baltimore harbor �USA repels the British invasion

Francis Scott Key + The Star Spangled Banner �Writes a poem about the all-night attack on Ft. Mc. Henry Baltimore ◦ Flag still waving the next morning �Becomes USA anthem (1931)

General Andrew Jackson (1767 -1845) & The Battle of New Orleans (January 8, 1815) �Takes place after the Treaty of Ghent is signed in Europe – not common knowledge �British try to take #1 USA Southern port �Jackson in charge of protecting New Orleans �Defeats the British

Treaty of Ghent and the Convention of 1818 �Treaty of Ghent (December 24, 1814) ◦ Restored prewar boundaries ◦ Increased US global prestige ◦ Increased patriotism/national unity �Convention of 1818 ◦ Establishes US-Canadian border between Minnesota and the Rocky Mtns on the 49 th parallel (latitude) ◦ Share Oregon territory for ten years

Nationalism Proved strength of America. RESPECT! 3. GAVE US CLAIM TO OREGON TERRITORY 1. 2.

James Monroe (President 1816 -1824) �“Era of Good Feelings” *D-R party rules unopposed *USA doing well

Florida Issues �Owned by Spain �Refuses to sell to USA

Issue #1 -- Slaves �USA slaves runaway to FL

Issues #2 – The Seminoles �Native FL tribe �Hit-and-run attacks on GA

General Andrew Jackson invades Florida (1818 -1822) �Leads attack on Seminoles in FL �Captures Spanish Governor �Force Spain to sell FL ($5 mil)

Europe in the Western Hemisphere �Spanish colonies in rebellion �Russians in North America

The Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine (1823) �Warning to Europe ◦ no new colonies in USA Hemisphere ◦ The Americas are different than Europe �Republics rather than monarchies ◦ Attempts to colonize any country will be viewed as a threat to the USA ◦ USA pledges to stay out of Europe

The Monroe Doctrine Part Two �Monroe doctrine – Up-held Washington’s policy preventing American entanglement in Europe and European powers from entering the W. Hemisphere.

Mc. CULLOCH v. MARYLAND (1819) Background: State of Maryland wants to tax the National Bank that is located in their state. Treasurer of the bank says that’s unconstitutional! Outcome: • Bank of the US was legally created • justified by the necessary and proper clause of the constitution • Fed govt and its agencies are not subjects of any state • Maryland can’t try to destroy it by taxation. • States can’t tax/control fed. Gov. Impact: • Sustained the doctrine of implied powers • Increase in National Power • Federal government has supremacy over states

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Background: Ogden operated a NY-NJ steamboat line under a New York monopoly. He sued Gibbons for setting up a competing line. Outcome: A state can’t make laws regulating interstate commerce. Impact: Increase in Supreme Court Power Confirms Court’s power to strike down state laws. Supremacy of federal power over state power