The Unification of Italy and Germany 1850 s1870

The Unification of Italy and Germany 1850 s-1870 s

Nationalism What is nationalism? n n The belief that the greatest loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture & history

Types of Nationalism n n Nationalism that unifies culturally similar lands and people Nationalism that separates culturally different lands and people

The Unification of Italy n Italian Unification n Italy forms from crumbling empires 1815 -1848 Italians want independence from foreign rulers Cavour Leads Northern Italian Unification n n Camillo di Cavour - Prime Minister of Kingdom of Sardinia (1852) Gets French help to win control of Austrian-controlled Italian land

The Unification of Italy n Giuseppe Garibaldi Brings Unity n n n Leads nationalists who conquer southern Italy Known as the “Red Shirts” for their attire during battle Cavour convinces Garibaldi to unite southern Italy and Sardinia n n Garibaldi steps aside, allowing King of Sardinia to rule 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was crowned King of Italy

The Unification of Germany n Beginning in 1815: n German Confederation n n Divided into 39 German states Austria controlled the Confederation Prussia lead the unification movement Prussian Advantage n Very powerful army

The Unification of Germany n Prussia’s Prime Minister n Otto von Bismarck (1862) n Member of the “Junker” class n n Conservative wealthy landowners Used military force to achieve political gain

The Unification of Germany n Prussia Expands n Prussia & Austria fight Denmark, gain two provinces n n Quick victory makes other German nations respect Prussia Seven Weeks’ war n n n Prussia defeats Austria Gains Austrian territory East and West Prussia are united

The Unification of Germany n The Franco-Prussian War n Prussia defeats France n n Wilhelm is crowned Kaiser – emperor of a united Germany Bismarck creates a Germany united under Prussian dominance

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