Nationalism Case Study Unification of Italy After the

Nationalism Case Study Unification of Italy

After the Congress of Vienna n Italy was fragmented and controlled by foreign countries n Parts of Italy were controlled by Austria and Spain n However, the people shared a common language, history, and culture

Guiseppe Mazzini - “the soul” n starts group called Young Italy in 1831 had to be younger than 40 - why? n Believed a nationstate was best hope for democracy and peace in Europe

1848 n Year of revolt all over Europe n In Italy revolts break out in all 8 states n Mazzini briefly leads a gov’t @ Rome n 1848 revolutions fail in Italy and elsewhere n Mazzini and others exiled

Italians Look to Sardinia n Largest & powerful Italian state in northern Italy n Adopted a liberal constitution after 1848 n Italian middle class sought unification under Sardinia

Camillo di Cavour - “the brain” n Skilled diplomat n Allied with France (Emperor Napoleon III) to throw the Austrians out of northern Italy

Guiseppe Garibaldi - “the sword” n Cavour helped nationalist rebels in the south n Garibaldi’s army (Red Shirts) took Sicily and moved to the mainland n People flock to his red banner of nationalism

Unified Italy n 1860 Cavour & Garibaldi agree to Unite North & South n Emmanuel II becomes King n 1866 Venetia becomes part of Italy n 1870 Papal States n Rome becomes capital of Kingdom of Italy

Problems After Unification n Rivalries among provinces brought tension n Industrial N vs Agricultural S n Language differences n Governments changed frequently n Economic instability (peasant revolts, strikes, riots)