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This is one observer’s view of the ideology of ruling political parties across the world. Source: Oberkraemer, September 5, 2009, Wikimedia, http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Ideologies_of_Countries. png

Ideologies and Isms People sometimes develop a set of beliefs about how the world is and how it ought to be. This is called an ideology. Ideology often aims to be both descriptive (what the world actually looks like) and prescriptive (how it should ideally be). Ideology, in the words of one scholar, is a set of beliefs that “present, interpret and evaluate the world. ” [1] Because ideology usually comes with some kind of prescription to fix the shortcomings of the world, the term often is used in a negative sense, suggesting that ideology is just propaganda for a particular point of view. The political world is full of ideologies, each with its own logic and set of beliefs. A lot of them end in ism, and while we hear these terms, we may not know precisely what they mean. For example, people in the United States may label anything they don’t like socialism, which, in fact, has a particular meaning. Obviously, isms isn’t really a word, but it gives us a simple way to temporarily lump together different types of ideologies, plus a few other political terms, many of which end with the suffix ism.

Political Ideology Map Political ideology diagram, showing anarcho-socialism at the upper left and anarcho-capitalism at the upper right. The up-down dimension represents the extent of government; the left-right dimension represents the outward appearance (legal fiction) of property ownership. In theory, both socialism and capitalism have statist and anti-statist variants. The placement of persons and parties on this graph are only approximate, and open to debate http: //www. ozarkia. net/bill/anarchism/ideomap. html