Poetry Poetry What it is isnt and how

Poetry! Poetry: What it is, isn’t and how to write it.

POETRY Ø A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas)

POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY POET n The poet is the author of the poem. SPEAKER n The speaker of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem.

POETRY FORM n FORM - the appearance of the words on the page n LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem n STANZA - a group of lines arranged together A word is dead When it is said, Some say. I say it just Begins to live That day.

KINDS OF STANZAS Couplet Triplet (Tercet) Quatrain Quintet Sestet (Sextet) Septet Octave = = = = a two line stanza a three line stanza a four line stanza a five line stanza a six line stanza a seven line stanza an eight line stanza

SOUND EFFECTS

RHYTHM n The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem n Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain.

METER Ø A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Ø Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern. Ø When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They they repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

FREE VERSE POETRY n Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. n Does NOT have rhyme. n Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you. n A more modern type of poetry.

BLANK VERSE POETRY from Julius Ceasar n Written in lines of iambic pentameter, but does NOT use end rhyme. Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once. Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, It seems to me most strange that men should fear; Seeing that death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come.

RHYME n Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds. n (A word always rhymes with itself. ) LAMP STAMP á Share the short “a” vowel sound á Share the combined “mp” consonant sound

END RHYME n A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line Hector the Collector Collected bits of string. Collected dolls with broken heads And rusty bells that would not ring.

INTERNAL RHYME n A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line. Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary. From “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe

NEAR RHYME n a. k. a imperfect rhyme, close rhyme n The words share EITHER the same vowel or consonant sound BUT NOT BOTH ROSE LOSE á Different vowel sounds (long “o” and “oo” sound) á Share the same consonant sound

RHYME SCHEME n A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always). n Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern. (See next slide for an example. )

SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME The Germ by Ogden Nash A mighty creature is the germ, Though smaller than the pachyderm. His customary dwelling place Is deep within the human race. His childish pride he often pleases By giving people strange diseases. Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? You probably contain a germ. a a b b c c a a

REFRAIN n A sound, word, phrase or line repeated regularly in a poem. “Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore. ’”

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

Recognizing Figurative Language The opposite of literal language is figurative language. Figurative language is language that means more than what it says on the surface. n It usually gives us a feeling about its subject. n Poets use figurative language almost as frequently as literal language. When you read poetry, you must be conscious of the difference. Otherwise, a poem may make no sense at all. Printed Quiz Online Quiz

Recognizing Literal Language “I’ve eaten so much I feel as if I could literally burst!” n In this case, the person is not using the word literally in its true meaning. Literal means "exact" or "not exaggerated. " By pretending that the statement is not exaggerated, the person stresses how much he has eaten. Literal language is language that means exactly what is said. Most of the time, we use literal language.

What is figurative language? n Whenever you describe something by comparing it with something else, you are using figurative language.

Types of Figurative Language n Imagery n Simile n Metaphor n Alliteration n Personification n Onomatopoeia n Hyperbole n Idioms

Imagery n Language that appeals to the senses. Descriptions of people or objects stated in terms of our senses. • Sight • Hearing • Touch • Taste • Smell

Simile n A figure of speech which involves a direct comparison between two unlike things, usually with the words like or as. Example: The muscles on his brawny arms are strong as iron bands.

Metaphor n A figure of speech which involves an implied comparison between two relatively unlike things using a form of be. The comparison is not announced by like or as. Example: The road was a ribbon wrapped through the dessert.

Alliteration n Repeated consonant sounds occurring at the beginning of words or within words. Example: She was wide-eyed and wondering while she waited for Walter to waken.

Personification n A figure of speech which gives the qualities of a person to an animal, an object, or an idea. Example: “The wind yells while blowing. " The wind cannot yell. Only a living thing can yell.

Onomatopoeia n The use of words that mimic sounds. Example: The firecracker made a loud ka-boom!

Hyperbole n An exaggerated statement used to heighten effect. It is not used to mislead the reader, but to emphasize a point. Example: She’s said so on several million occasions.

Idioms n An idiom or idiomatic expression refers to a construction or expression in one language that cannot be matched or directly translated word-for-word in another language. Example: "She has a bee in her bonnet, " meaning "she is obsessed, " cannot be literally translated into another language word for word.

SOME TYPES OF POETRY WE WILL BE STUDYING

LYRIC n A short poem n Usually written in first person point of view n Expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scene n Do not tell a story and are often musical n (Many of the poems we read will be lyrics. )

HAIKU A Japanese poem written in three An old silent pond. . . lines A frog jumps into the pond. Five Syllables Seven Syllables Five Syllables Splash! Silence again.

CINQUAIN A five line poem containing 22 syllables Two Syllables Four Syllables Six Syllables Eight Syllables Two Syllables How frail Above the bulk Of crashing water hangs Autumnal, evanescent, wan The moon.

SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. The poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed. But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

NARRATIVE POEMS n A poem that tells a story. n Generally longer than the lyric styles of poetry b/c the poet needs to establish characters and a plot. Examples of Narrative Poems “The Raven” “The Highwayman” “Casey at the Bat” “The Walrus and the Carpenter”

CONCRETE POEMS n In concrete poems, the words are arranged to create a picture that relates to the content of the poem. Poetry Is like Flames, Which are Swift and elusive Dodging realization Sparks, like words on the Paper, leap and dance in the Flickering firelight. The fiery Tongues, formless and shifting Shapes, tease the imiagination. Yet for those who see, Through their mind’s Eye, they burn Up the page.

Figurative Language Resources Eye on Idioms (Online PPT) Paint by Idioms (Game) Alliteration or Simile? (Quiz) Similes and Metaphors (PPT) The Search for Similes, Metaphors, and Idioms (PPT) n Alliteration (PPT) n Onomatopoeia (PPT) n Personification (PPT) n Hyperbole (PPT) n Idioms (PPT) n Simile (PPT) n n n

Teaching Similes and Metaphors n Alliteration Lesson Plan and Resources n n n n http: //volweb. utk. edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/1 allitera. htm Hyperbole- Lesson Plans and Resources http: //volweb. utk. edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/10 lesson. htm Idiom Lesson Plan http: //volweb. utk. edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/6 lesson. htm Imagery- Lesson Plans and Resources http: //volweb. utk. edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/imagery 2. htm Lesson Plan for Puns http: //volweb. utk. edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/5 lesson. htm Onomatopoeia- Lesson Plans and Resources http: //volweb. utk. edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/9 lesson. htm Personification Lesson Plans and Resources http: //volweb. utk. edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/7 lesson. htm Proverbs- Lesson Plans and Resources http: //volweb. utk. edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/proverbs 2. htm