Photosynthesis Chlorophyll The cells in leaves contain chlorophyll

Photosynthesis

Chlorophyll • The cells in leaves contain chlorophyll • Traps energy from the sun to produce energyrich sugar molecules--carbohydrates 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + solar energy = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2

Energy & Nutrient Transfer

Producer • Organism that makes its own food • Also called autorophs

Consumer • Organism that get their energy by eating other organisms. • Also called heterotrophs

Decomposers • Organisms that feeds by breaking down organic matter from dead organisms • Examples: bacteria and fungi

Exception to the Rule • Deep-Ocean Ecosystems --Tube worms depend on bacteria that live inside them to survive. The bacteria uses energy from Hydrogen Sulfide to make their own food chemosynthesis

Chemosynthesis

Life Depends on the Sun • Organisms use energy to move, grow and reproduce

Grizzly Bears Omnivore—eats both meat & plants Can eat up to 1. 5% of their body weight in one day when eating salmon and 33% of body weight when eating fruits & vegetation. • How many pounds of salmon can a 200 lb grizzly bear eat in one day? 15% of 200 = 30 lbs • How many pounds of fruits and vegetation can the same bear eat in one day? 33% of 200 = 66 lbs

Cellular Respiration Breaking down of food to yield energy using the O 2 you breath in C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 = 6 CO 2 + 6 H 20 + energy

Excess Energy • Stored as Fat or Sugar

Energy Transfer • Food Chains, Food Webs, Trophic Levels

Food Chain • Sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next as each organism eats another organism

Food Web • Feeding Relationships that are possible in an ecosystem

Who Eats Who-Energy Transfer

Food Chain – Food Web

Trophic Level • Each step in the transfer of energy through a food chain or web in an ecosystem

Food Pyramid

Energy Loss Affects • 1. decrease amount of energy impacts each trophic level • 2. Loss limits the number of trophic levels; rarely have 4 or 5 levels since so much energy is needed to support

Trophic Cascade • Indirect interaction between predators and the resources consumed by the predator’s prey

Cycling of Materials • Materials in an ecosystem are constantly reused in an endless cycle

Nitrogen & Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle Movement of Nitrogen between atmosphere, bacteria and other organisms

Phosphorus Cycle Movement of phosphorus from the environment to organisms and back

Aquatic Ecosystem

How Ecosystems Change • Primary Succession occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before • Secondary Succession occurs where an ecosystem previously existed—pioneer species, climax community

Primary Succession

Ecological Succession

Old Field Succession