Part 2 Planning Chapter 3 Foundations of Planning

Part 2: Planning Chapter 3 Foundations of Planning 規劃的基本原則 謝寶煖 台灣大學圖書資訊學系

u There is a saying that people can be divided into three groups: – – – Those who make things happen; Those who watch things happen; Those who wonder what happened. Source: Jurgen Wolf. Do Something Different. London: Virgin, 2001.

u Cat: Where do you want to go? u Alice: It doesn’t matter. u Cat: Then either road will take you there

u Goal – – What a company wants to attain. Example • 50% share of their market segment. u Strategic – – The strategies that the company will employ to attain their goal. Example • • • We will make an above average sports shoes, that are comfortable, and affordable We will make a shoe for every major sport We will have a professional athlete from every major sport endorse our shoes

u Tactical – – The tactics / plans by which a company implements their strategies. Example • • • We will have our shoes made outside the US where labor is cheap We will utilize a podiatrist(足部醫學家), orthopedist( 整形外科醫師), and athletes(運動選手) to help us design comfortable shoes and identify the components of a quality shoe We will identify highly visible athletes from each sport and place them under contract to endorse our shoes

策略規劃(strategic plans)

Types of Plans BREADTH OF USE TIME FRAME SPECIFICITY FREQUENCY OF USE Strategic Long term Directional Single use Tactical Short term Specific Standing EXHIBIT 3. 2

Cascading of Objectives Overall Organizational Objectives Divisional Objectives Departmental Objectives Individual Objectives

More than 30 years ago, Rollin King and Herb Kelleher got together and decided to start a different kind of airline. They began with one simple notion: If you get your passengers to their destinations when they want to get there, on time, at the lowest possible fares, and make darn sure they have a good time doing it, people will fly your airline.

SWOT Strengths優勢 Weaknesses劣勢 Opportunities機會 Threats威脅

SWOT: Identifying Organizational Opportunities 組織的 資源 環境中 的機會 組織的機會

Amazon u 網路書籍零售業 – – 沒有設立任何實體書店，最低存貨 Earth's Biggest Selection. TM of products, including free electronic greeting cards, online auctions, and millions of books, CDs, videos, DVDs, toys and games, electronics, kitchenware, computers and more

決定競爭策略 u 差異化(differentiation) – 方法 • • • – 高品質(high quality) 卓越服務(extraordinary service) 創新設計(innovation design) 技術能力(technological capability) 特殊的正向品牌形象(unusually positive brand image) 差異化屬性必須夠顯著以與對手區隔，又得要在價 格與成本上折衝 • • Intel (technology) Maytag (reliability) Mary kay Cosmetic (distribution) L. L. Bean (service)

ISO 9000 2000 the ISO 9000 family of standards (ISO 9001: 1994, ISO 9002: 1994 and ISO 9003: 1994) have been merged into a single ISO standard, ISO 9001: 2000.

u New – – requirements Higher focus on the customer Measurable objectives must be established Measurement and continual improvement required, not implied Training effectiveness must be evaluated

Dell的作風 posted sales last year of $31 billion and employs 36, 000 people 今年貴 庚？ 37

創業家與傳統管理者之比較 TRADITIONAL MANAGERS ENTREPRENEURS Primary Motivation Promotion & other Independence corporate rewards opportunity to as office, staff, and create, financial gain power. Time Orientation Achievement of five- short-term goals to-ten-year growth of business Activity Delegation and Direct involvement supervision Risk Propensity Low Moderate View toward Avoidance Acceptance failures and mistakes