Male Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Testicles produce

Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System • Testicles: produce sperm (male sex cell), and testosterone • Epididymis: network of tubes behind testicle which store sperm cells • Vas Deferens: passageway tubes that extend epididymis to urethra, where sperm exits • Scrotum: keeps sperm cool • Semen: fluids and sperm mixture exits penis through ejaculation

Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Male • Produced by testosterone – Deeper voice – Chest and facial hair – Lengthen bones – Increased size of testes for sperm production

Female Reproductive System Mrs. Degl

Female Reproductive system • Key functions: store and release eggs, role in creation of offspring, to give birth. • Fertilization: this occurs when a sperm cell joins with a female’s egg cell. • Ovulation: the release of one egg cell per month (about 28 days). • Menstruation: when the lining of the uterus, unfertilized egg, and blood flow out of the body. • Menstrual cycle: hormonal changes that occur from the beginning of one menstruation to the next (28)

• Ovaries: contain ova, or the eggs, and produce hormones • Fallopian tubes: carry eggs from ovaries to uterus • Uterus: shelters and nourishes fetus • Cervix: opening of the uterus • Vagina: muscular passageway from the uterus to the outside of the body

Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Female • Induced by increased LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone hormone levels – Pubic hair – Widen pelvis – Enlarge mammary tissue (breasts) – Begin menstrual cycles

Fertilization • • Occurs in upper 1/3 of Fallopian tube Only 1 sperm can fertilize an egg Fertilized egg = zygote An average woman is pregnant (gestational period) for 9 whole months. That is 40 weeks. Babies can survive if they are born earlier, but they may have complications due to being premature.

Implantation • Fertilized eggs are implanted into thick walls of uterus • Chorion membranes dig into uterus to form placenta • Zygote grows into an embryo • Embryo gets air and nutrients through the umbilical cord • Once pregnant, progesterone levels stay high in mom • Mom’s uterus grows with the baby

1 st Trimester = 1 st 12 weeks • Heart develops first • Neural tube develops • All body systems appear by Week 8 – Now a Fetus

2 nd Trimester = up to 24 weeks • Most growth • Looks more like a baby • Some preemies survive at this stage

3 rd Trimester = Up to 40 weeks • • • More growth Kicking, rolling, stretching Eyes open – Week 32 Lungs mature Rotates to head-down position, unless baby is breech

Birth • Labor – Uterine contractions begin – Cervix dilates to 10 cm. • Birth – Uterus pushes baby through vaginal canal – Placenta delivered after baby – Cesarean Section (c-section) is a surgery that cuts through the uterus to deliver the baby if it cannot be born vaginally

Human Growth Stages • • Infancy: Birth-2 years Childhood: 2 -13 years Adolescence: 13 -18/20 years Adulthood: 20 years until death