Male Reproductive System Veterinary anatomy Male Reproductive System
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Male Reproductive System Veterinary anatomy
Male Reproductive System The male reproductive system consists of the v Scrotum v Testes v Spermatic cord v Excurrent duct system v. Epididymis v. Ductus deference v. Urethra v. Accessory sex glands v. Penis
Scrotum v Functions v. Thermoregulation v Sweat glands v Thermosensetive nerves v. Protection and support of testis
- The scrotum is a two lobed sack. It protects and supports the testes and is required for proper temperature regulation. - The scrotum consists of four major layer. They are: 1) the skin. 2) the tunica dartos v. Smooth muscle v. Elevate testes for a sustained period of time in response to temperature or stress 3) the scrotal fascia 4) parietal tunica vaginalis - The scrotal skin is heavily populated with sweat glands. These sweat glands are required for maintenance of proper testicular temperature. Sweating allows the scrotum to be cooled by evaporative heat transfer.
Scrotum v Descent of testes into scrotum v. Timing: v Sheep / cattle = midgestation v Humans / horses = just before or after birth
Testes v Functions v. Produce male germ cells (spermatozoa) v. Produce testosterone, inhibin and estrogen
Testes Structure: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Testicular capsule Parenchyma Mediastinum Rete tubules (rete testis) Efferent ductules
Testes - Structure 1 - Testicular capsule 1)Tunica vaginalis v Visceral v Parietal 2) Tunica albuginea
Testis
Testes - Structure 2 - Parenchyma A- Tubular compartment v. Seminiferous tubules B- Interstitial compartment v. Leydig cells v. Capillaries v. Lymphatic vessels v. Connective tissue
Testes - Structure 3 - Mediastinum v. Central connective tissue core that houses rete tubules 4 - Rete tubules (rete testis) v. Tiny channels thru which spermatozoa transported out of testis
Testes - Structure 5. Vasa efferentia (efferent ductules) a. Collect sperm from rete testis b. Carry sperm out of testis proper
Testes v Seminiferous tubules v. Site of sperm production v. Consists of 2 cell types: v Germ cells (eventual sperm cells) v Sertoli or nurse cells
Testes v Sertoli cells v. Surround developing germ cells v. Provide structural & metabolic support to spermatogenic cells v. Produces: v Androgen binding protein (ABP) v Inhibin v Sulfated glycoprotein
Testes v Blood-testis Barriers a. Cells surrounding seminiferous tubules b. Prevent autoimmune reaction from destroying developing germ cells
Testes v Leydig cells v. Located between seminiferous tubules v. Produce androgens (testosterone)
Epididymis v Three parts v. Head (caput) v. Body (corpus) v. Tail (cauda)
Epididymis - Functions Sperm v. Transport v. Maturation v. Motility v. Concentration v. Storage v. Gains ability of fertilization
Vas Deferens v Ductus deferens or deferent duct v. Paired ducts v Ampulla v. Wide end of vas deferens v Function v. Sperm transport from epididymis to pelvic urethra
Spermatic Cord - spermatic cord extends from the inguinal ring to it’s attachment on the dorsal pole of the testis. It suspends the testis in the scrotum. - The function of the spermatic cord is provides the pathway to and from the body for testicular vasculature, Lymphatic and nerves.
Spermatic Cord - The spermatic cord also houses the ductus deferent, cremaster muscle and specialized vascular network called the pampiniform plexus. - The pampiniform plexus is a vascular structure consisting of an intimately intertwined artery and vein and this structure is important for proper temperature control of the testis
Spermatic Cord - Functions v Suspends testis in scrotum v Pathway to blood vessels, lymphatics, & nerves v Thermoregulation mechanism v. Pampiniform plexus v. Cremaster muscle v Pulse pressure eliminator
Spermatic Cord
Accessory Sex Glands v Vesicular glands (seminal vesicles) v Prostate gland v Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s gland) v Ampulla of ductus deference
Vesicular Glands v Paired glands v Located at junction of urethra & vas deferens v Rough structure v Contribute large amount of fluid v. Fructose & sorbitol: energy sources v. Phosphate & bicarbonate: buffers
Seminal vesicle • Absent in camel, dog and cat. • Lobulated type in ox and pig • Vesicular type in horse. • • Shape: Pyramidal in pig Elongated and lobulated in ox, sheep and goat Elongated sac in horse
Prostate Gland v Located caudal to seminal vesicles and close proximity to pelvic urethra v Bilobed in bull v Diffuse in ram v Surrounds urethra in dogs & humans v Function = cleanse & lubricate and secretes just prior during ejaculation v Only accessory gland in dog
Prostate Gland • The prostate gland of the dog is spherical, smooth and divided into right and left lobes which completely surrounded the urethra. • In the cat the prostate gland has an uneven surface and covers the urethra dorsally and laterally only.
Bulbourethral Glands v Paired glands v Buried under bulbospongiosus muscle v Function: v Cleanse urethra prior to ejaculation v Produce gel fraction v Adds considerable volume
Colliculus Seminalis v Region of urethra where sperm mixes with seminal vesicle secretions v Mixing incomplete in stallion Sperm-free fraction & Sperm-rich fraction
Comparative of accessory sex gland Animals Seminal vesicle Ext. prostate Int. prostate Bulbourethral Ampulla Horse + + - + + Ox + + + Sheep&goat + - + + + Camel - + + Dog - + - - + Cat - + + Pig + + -
Penis v Male copulatory organ v Consists of v. Base v. Shaft v. Glans penis
Penis v Cavernous bodies: v. Corpus spongiosum v. Corpus cavernosum
Penis v Sigmoid flexure v. Ram, buck, bull v. Allows penis to be retracted inside body until erection occurs
Penis v Retractor penis muscle v. Pair of smooth muscle v. Dorsally attached to tail vertebrae v. Holds penis inside sheath v Glans v. Distal end of penis, contains sensory nerves v Sheath v. Covers penis
Penis v Two Types v 1. Fibroelastic v Bull, buck, ram, dog v 2. Vasomuscular v Stallion, human
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