Layer 3 Messaging and Call Procedures Naren Mohan

Layer 3 Messaging and Call Procedures Naren Mohan Naren. mohan@ericsson. com

Agenda Protocol Layers & Signaling Radio Network Procedures Example Call Flows KPI Calculation Triggers Ericsson Confidential 2 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Channels § Logical Channels – Defines what information to be transferred § Transport Channels – Defines how data should be transferred. § Physical Channels – Carry the data Ericsson Confidential 3 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Protocol Layers CTRL USER DATA RRC USER DATA CTRL RRC Signaling Radio Bearer L 3/RRC Radio Bearer RLC MAC Logical Channel Transport Channel RLC L 2/RLC MAC L 2/MAC PHY L 1 PHY Physical Channel UE UTRAN Ericsson Confidential 4 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Layer 3 Signaling § § § The Control Signaling is used for troubleshooting the problems. These messages are carried in the Logical Control Channels such as DCCH, CCCH, BCCH. Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol messages contain the necessary control information and the commands – Obtained from TEMS. In the Iub we may be interested in the NBAP and RANAP protocol messages – Obtained from UETR. CC SM CC MM GMM SM MM GMM RRC RANAP RLC/MAC SCCP PHY Sig. Bearer UE WRAN Ericsson Confidential 5 (34) MSC/VLR or SGSN Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

RRC Protocol Functions § Carries most of the Control Signaling between the UE and the UTRAN. § Carries all the information required to setup, modify and release lower layer entities. § RRC Controls – Radio Bearer parameters such as RLC Timers, Qo. S – Transport channel parameters such as the Transport format Combination (TFC) – Physical Channel parameters such as Code usage, carrier frequency § Radio Resource Supervision Ericsson Confidential 6 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

RRC States RRC Connected Mode CELL_PCH CELL_DCH CELL_FACH Radio Bearer Reconfiguration nt me RR CC on ne cti on on cti RR CC tab on ne lish cti me on nt Re sh bli ta Es e nn Co C e RR as ele R on cti Es lea s e ne on CC RR IDLE MODE Ericsson Confidential 7 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Layer 3 Procedures § § § § RRC Setup and RRC release Measurement Reports Active Set Update Radio Bearer Setup and Reconfiguration Transport Channel Reconfiguration Physical Channel Reconfiguration All Call setup and tear down messages (such as PDP Activation/Deactivation, Alerting/Release etc) - These are Call Control and Session Management messages. Ericsson Confidential 8 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

System Information Blocks (BCH) § § § RRC Protocol Schedules the SIBs. The system information blocks are arranged as a tree structure. The Master Info. Block (MIB) contains the reference and scheduling info for the SIBs. UE receives SIBs in Idle or CELL_FACH modes MIB SIB 5 Cell / Common Ch. Configuration CRS Parameters LA/ RA Updating, Paging, idle mode timers Ericsson Confidential 9 (34) SIB 7 SIB 11 Measurement Management SIB 3 Power Control on Common Channels SIB 1 Naren Mohan SIB n. 1 SIB n. 2 2006 -05 -04

Measurement Procedures UE RNC RRC: Measurement Control (BCCH/DCCH) UE Measures the SCs and performs Evaluation for Event Trigger Criteria. RRC: Measurement Report (DCCH) RNC Evaluates based on the measurements and Network Configuration. RRC: Active Set Update (DCCH) Remember !!! – Unlike GSM, the measurement reports event triggered. You can see long times of silence from the UE. These are not to be confused as missing messages. Ericsson Confidential 10 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

RRC Connection Establishment UE RNC RRC: RRC Connection Request (CCCH) RRC Connection can be rejected to Admission & Congestion Control Features RRC: RRC Connection Setup (CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH) Cause Code for connection Request Sent: • Originating Streaming Call • Originating Interactive Call • Originating Background Call • Terminating Conversational Call • Terminating Streaming Call • Terminating Interactive Call • Terminating Background Call • Emergency Call • Registration Contains the UE Capability (HS or • Originating High Priority R 99) Signalling • Call re-establishment • Terminating High Priority Signalling • Terminating cause unknown § Cause codes will indicate the problem if RRC Connection is rejected Ericsson Confidential 11 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

RRC Connection Establishment UE starts timer T=0, counter N=1 UE sends RRC Connection Request UE increments Timer T N Y T >T 300 N=N+1 T=0 N > N 300 Y N UE gets RRC Connection Setup Y UE sends RRC Connection Setup Complete N Fail. UE goes into idle mode RRC Procedure Successful N UE gets RRC Connection Reject Y Cause = “Wait’ N Y Wait for ‘wait’ seconds Ericsson Confidential N=N+1 T=0 12 (34) UE sends RRC Connection Request Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Radio Bearer Setup RNC UE CN RANAP: Radio Access Bearer Request RRC: Radio Bearer Setup (DCCH) RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete (DCCH) RANAP: Radio Access Bearer Response (DCCH) § RAB (Radio Access Bearer) is setup between Core and UE. § Radio Bearer is setup between UE and UTRAN to support the RAB. Ericsson Confidential 13 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Active Set Update RNC UE RRC: Measurement Report (e 1 a, e 1 b, e 1 c) (DCCH) RRC: Active Set Update (DCCH) Timeout of 5 s RRC: Active Set Update Complete (DCCH) § UTRAN sends Active Set Update to the UE in CELL_DCH mode. § The result could be one of the following – Radio Link Addition – Radio Link Removal – Radio Link Replacement (Combined Addition/Removal) Ericsson Confidential 14 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Radio Bearer Reconfiguration RNC UE FACH/DCH RRC: Radio Bearer Reconfiguration (DCCH) DCH/FACH RRC: Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) § RB Reconfiguration occurs for the following scenarios – Channel Type Switch i. e. , DCH to FACH, FACH to DCH – Reconfiguration of the Radio Bearer after RB Setup (such as RLC timer reconfiguration) Ericsson Confidential 15 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Transport Channel Reconfiguration RNC UE RRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH) RRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) § Transport Channel Reconfiguration procedure triggers the Channel Rate Switching. 64 K <-> 128 K <-> 384 K Ericsson Confidential 16 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Physical Channel Reconfiguration RNC UE RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH) RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) § § Physical channel reconfiguration procedure is used to establish, reconfigure and release physical channels. Used to enter Compressed mode before IRAT, HSDPA Cell Change Ericsson Confidential 17 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

RRC Connection Release RNC UE RRC: RRC Connection Release (DCCH / CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Release Complete (CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Abnormal Release (DCCH / CCCH) § When the RRC Connection is released, the UE will be in IDLE mode. Radio Bearers will be released. § RRC Connection can be released abnormally if Ericsson Confidential 18 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Example Voice Call Flow (MOC) UE RRC: RRC Connection Request (CCCH) RNC RRC: RRC Connection Setup (CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH) RRC: Initial Direct Transfer - CM Service Request (DCCH) RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer – Auth & Ciph Request (DCCH) RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer - Auth & Ciph Response (DCCH) RRC: Security Mode Command (DCCH) RRC: Security Mode Complete (DCCH) RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer - SETUP (DCCH) Call Setup Phase KPIs: • Call Setup Success Rate • Call Setup Time RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer – CALL PROCEEDING (DCCH) Total Call Time KPIs: • Dropped Call RRC: Radio Bearer Setup (DCCH) RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete (DCCH) RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer – ALERTING (DCCH) RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer - CONNECT (DCCH) RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer – CONNECT ACK (DCCH) RRC: Measurement Control (DCCH) RRC: Measurement Report (DCCH) RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer - DISCONNECT (DCCH) RRC: Direct Transfer - Release (DCCH) RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer – Release Complete (DCCH) Ericsson Confidential 19 (34) Naren Mohan RRC Connection is released after the Call Release. 2006 -05 -04

Example PS R 99 Call Flow UE RRC: RRC Connection Request (CCCH) RNC RRC: RRC Connection Setup (CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH) RRC: Initial Direct Transfer - CM Service Request (DCCH) RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer – Auth & Ciph Request (DCCH) RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer - Auth & Ciph Response (DCCH) RRC: Security Mode Command (DCCH) RRC: Security Mode Complete (DCCH) Total Call Time KPIs: • Dropped Call RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer – SM ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST (DCCH) RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete (DCCH) Call Setup Phase KPIs: • Call Setup Success Rate • Call Setup Time RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer – SM ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT (DCCH) RRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) Channel Switching RRC: Measurement Control (DCCH) RRC: Measurement Report (DCCH) RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer – SM Deactivate PDP Context Request (DCCH) RRC: Direct Transfer – SM Deactivate PDP Context Accept (DCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Release (DCCH) Ericsson Confidential 20 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Example HSDPA Call Flow UE RRC: RRC Connection Request (CCCH) RNC RRC: RRC Connection Setup (CCCH) KPI • Call Setup Success Rate • Call Setup Time RRC: RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH) RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer – SM ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST (DCCH) RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer – SM ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT (DCCH) RRC: Measurement Report (e 1 a) (DCCH) RRC: Active Set Update Complete (DCCH) RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) RRC: Measurement Report (e 1 d) (DCCH) RRC: Active Set Update Complete (DCCH) KPI • HS Cell Change Success Rate • HS Cell Change time RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH) E 1 A: Radio Link Addition Not a HS Cell Change. Here the procedure is to realign the parameters. E 1 D: Change of Best Server HS Cell Change RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) Ericsson Confidential 21 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Example IRAT Handover (PS) RNC UE RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer – SM –ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT Uplink Transfer SM Alerting (DCCH) REQUEST (DCCH) RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete (DCCH) RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer – SM ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer – Connect (DCCH) ACCEPT (DCCH) RRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) RRC: Measurement Control (DCCH) RRC: Measurement Report (e 1 b) (DCCH) RRC: Active Set Update Complete (DCCH) RRC: Transport Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) RRC: Measurement Report (e 2 d) (DCCH) RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH) UE Enters Compressed Mode, Starts measuring in GSM RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) RRC: Measurement Control (DCCH) RRC: Measurement Report (e 3 a) (DCCH) RRC: Cell Handover Change Order UTRAN (DCCH) From UTRAN (DCCH) Ericsson Confidential 22 (34) Naren Mohan Handoverto to. GSM. Handover UE performs RA Handover Complete update in in GSM message indicates successful Handover 2006 -05 -04

CS IRAT Handover (Core Perspective) MSC/ MGW RNC UE BSC RRC: Measurement Report (e 3 a) (DCCH) RANAP: Relocation Required BSSMAP: Handover Request Timer: T_RELOC_Prep BSSMAP: Handover Request Ack RANAP: Relocation Command RRC: Handover from UTRAN RR: Handover Access RR: Handover Complete RANAP: Iu Release Command RANAP: Iu Release Complete Ericsson Confidential 23 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Example HSDPA/FACH Iur Handover RNC UE RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer – SM ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST (DCCH) RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer – SM ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT (DCCH) RRC: Measurement Report (e 1 a) (DCCH) RRC: Active Set Update Complete (DCCH) RRC: Physical Radio Bearer Reconfiguration (DCCH) RRC: Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH) UE does Channel Type Switch to CELL_FACH RRC: Physical Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) RRC: Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH) RRC: Cell Update (CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Release (DCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Request (CCCH) RRC: RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH) RRC Establishment Cause Code: “Call Re. Establishment” Or “Directed Signalling Re-establishment” RRC: Radio Bearer Setup (DCCH) RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete (DCCH) Ericsson Confidential 24 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Some Abnormal Cases

Abnormal Drop Case TEMS LOGS from UE Ericsson Confidential 26 (34) UETR Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

KPI Definitions

KPI Definition – CS Drop AMR Total Call Duration RRC Connection Request RRC Connection Setup Complete Alerting Disconnect Connect Event = Dropped Call Dedicated Mode To Idle Mode RRC Connection Abnormal Release CS Dropped Call Rate (Long Call) = Effective Calls = Total Call Duration / 90 sec (MHT) Ericsson Confidential 28 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

KPI Definition – PS Drop Packet Call Total Call Duration RRC Connection Request RRC Connection Setup Complete Activate PDP Context Accept Session Start (TEMS Internal) Session End/Error (TEMS Internal) Deactivate PDP Context Req/Accept RRC Connection Request /RRC Connection Setup Complete PS Drop Rate (Long Calls) = Effective Calls = Total Call Duration / 60 sec (MHT) Ericsson Confidential 29 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

KPI Definition – Call Setup Success AMR RRC Connection Request RRC Connection Setup Complete Alerting RRC Connection Reject No Alerting Or Connect RRC Connection Request Exceeds N 300 If total time between RRC Connection Request And Connect Exceeds 50 Seconds (setup timeout) = Access Failure Packet Call RRC Connection Request RRC Connection Setup Complete RRC Connection Reject RRC Connection Request Exceeds N 300 Activate PDP Context Accept No Activate PDP Context Accept /Session Start If total time between RRC Connection Request And Session Start Exceeds 50 Seconds (setup timeout) = Access Failure Ericsson Confidential 30 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

KPI Definition - Throughput Session Duration Activate PDP Context Accept Session Start (TEMS Internal) Session End/Error (TEMS Internal) Deactivate PDP Context Req/Accept RRC Connection Request /RRC Connection Setup Complete Ericsson Confidential 31 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

KPI Definition - IRAT Handover Command Inter Measurement System To Utran Report UMTS Handover Complete UMTS To GSM CS Handover Cell Change Order from Measurement UTRAN Command Report UMTS Handover Access Routing Area Update Request GSM Routing Area Update Accept GSM/GPRS UMTS To GSM PS Handover Ericsson Confidential 32 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04

Ericsson Confidential 33 (34) Naren Mohan 2006 -05 -04