Kingdoms Domains to Kingdoms There are three domains

Kingdoms

Domains to Kingdoms There are three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

6 Kingdoms • • • Archaebacteria – Domain Archaea Eubacteria – Domain Bacteria Fungi – Domain Eukarya Protists – Domain Eukarya Plants – Domain Eukarya Animals – Domain Eukarya

ALL BACTERIA ARE… • Most numerous organisms on earth • Earliest life forms (fossils date 2. 5 billion years old) • Microscopic prokaryotes (no nucleus nor membrane-bound organelles) • Contain ribosomes • Surrounded by protective cell wall • Have only one circular chromosome • Have small rings of DNA called plasmids • Most are unicellular

Kingdom Eubacteria • Eubacteria – Very diverse and live in almost all environments, (human body, oceans, fresh water). Some are heterotrophs, some are autotrophs, and some are decomposers. Staphylococcus epidermidis

Kingdom Eubacteria • Eubacteria – The types of bacteria man comes in contact with frequently. They are on our skin, in our bodies, they help make our food, and cover our counters. They are EVERYWHERE! Staphylococcus epidermidis

Types of EUBACTERIA

Types of EUBACTERIA

EUBACTERIA Structure

EUBACTERIA Replication Bacteria typically divide asexually by a process called Binary Division (Fission).

Kingdom Archaebacteria • Able to live in the harshest environments on the planet. Many are able to obtain energy from sources other than the sun through chemosynthesis! (Methane, sulfur)

Kingdom Archaebacteria • These forms of life have been nicknamed the extremophiles due to their ability to exist in the harshest of environments!

3 major Kinds of Archaebacteria or Extremophiles • Methanogens – Make methane gas from other organic compounds. Found in environments such as swamps.

3 major Kinds of Archaebacteria or Extremophiles • Thermophiles – Live in water ranging from 140 F to 176 F, such as water near deep sea hydrothermal vents. Some obtain energy from sulfur.

3 major Kinds of Archaebacteria or Extremophiles • Halophiles – Live in areas of extreme salt like the Great Salt Lake, can exist with salinity of 15 - 20%.

Extremophiles • Life!!

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi 1. Fungi are heterotrophic, eukaryotic, & multicellular.

Kingdom Fungi Construction: Fungi have filamentous bodies, these slender filaments weave together to form the fungus body. Mold on orange Death Cap Mushroom

Kingdom Fungi Construction: Thread like filaments called hyphae grow on and in the decomposing material and form a network called a mycelium.

Kingdom Fungi Construction: Cell walls are made of chitin, plant cell walls are made of cellulose.

Kingdom Fungi 1. Fungi reproduce by releasing spores formed asexually and sexually. Reproductive structures are formed high above the food source and release spores that can be carried by the wind.

Kingdom Fungi • Fungus can attack living species beings as well as dead ones! Like This!

Kingdom Fungi and health problems. Athletes foot

Kingdom Fungi is the cause of numerous health problems. Ringworm

Kingdom Fungi and health problems. • Mucormycosis is a dangerous fungal infection usually occurring in the immunocompromised patient, affecting the regions of the eye, nose, and through its growth and destruction of the periorbital tissues, it will eventually invade the brain cavity.

FUNGI!!!

Kingdom Protista • The first of the eukaryotic kingdoms. The most diverse of all the kingdoms. Larger than bacteria in size but still microscopic. The vast majority of them are unicellular however some are multicellular.

Kingdom Protista • Key characteristics a. Eukaryotic b. Most diverse of all kingdoms. c. Many are unicellular, some are multicellular

Kingdom Protista • Key characteristics d. Some do photosynthesis, some are consumers, some are decomposers e. Amoebas, flagellates, ciliates, diatoms, algae. f. Some are motile. g. Asexual & sexual reproduction

Kingdom Protista • • • Simply defined!! Eukaryote Mostly unicellular but some multicellular Extremely diverse Found almost everywhere there is water, floating as plankton or anchored to rocks. Also found in damp soil and sand, as well in damp environments such as leaf litter. • Basically all eukaryotes that cannot be classified as fungi, plants or animals.

Types of Protista • Amoebas - A herterotroph that has no cell walls or flagella. Locomotion is achieved by using flexible, cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia (false foot). The pseudopodia are also used to surround and engulf food.

Types of Protista • Diatoms – A photosynthetic, unicellar protist with a unique silica shell. Abundant in oceans and lakes, important members of the food chain.

Types of Protista • Flagellates – These can have as few as one flagella but some have thousands!

Types of Protista • Ciliates –They are unicellular and have tightly packed rows of flagella which are used for movement and to assist in the consumption of food.

Types of Protista • Multicellular (Algae) – Some are multicellular and some are unicellular and are grouped by their photosynthetic pigment.

Types of Protista • Multicellular (Algae) –Green algae are mostly found fresh water but some are saltwater.

Types of Protista • Multicellular (Algae) –Red algae are multicellular and found in warm ocean waters.

Types of Protista • Multicellular (Algae) – Brown algae are multicellular and are found in the oceans as large kelp forests.

* *Slime molds – Unlike true fungi these have cell walls made of carbohydrates. Dog Vomit Slime Mold

* *Slime molds – The cellular slime molds can move individually as amoebas do, however during environmental stress can gather together and move like a slug

* *Slime molds – If it begins to starve or dry out it will separate into many small mounds.

* *Dysentery *Amoebic brain abscess

* *African sleeping sickness

* *Malaria

* *Toxoplasmosis