JMA GCOS Surface Network Monitoring Centre Climate Prediction

JMA GCOS Surface Network Monitoring Centre Climate Prediction Division HIROSHI NAKAMIGAWA 1

Activities of GSN Monitoring Centre JMA and CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data GSN Monitoring Centre(GSNMC) To monitor the availability of the CLIMAT messages of GSN stations distributed via GTS GCOS Surface Network CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data To contact directly NMHSs about CLIMAT messages to improve the availability on the basis of GSNMC’s monitoring results NMHSs: National Meteorological or Hydrological Services 2

JMA What is GCOS ? High quality and reliable climatological data are needed For many scientific and commercial purpose GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) : Established in 1992 by the WMO and 3 other international organizations Aim to ensure the observation to deal with climate-related issues are made available to all potential users. GCOS is intended to meet the needs for GCOS deals with the total climate system including atmospheric, oceanic, hydrologic, terrestrial processes. # Climate system monitoring, climate change detection # Research toward improved understanding, modeling and prediction of climate system AOPC (Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate) Discussed per. obs. net. GSN (GCOS Surface Network) To provide high quality / reliable climate data GUAN (GCOS Upper-Air Network) 3

GSN　Selection JMA - First discussion in 1994 (1) Record quality (2) Representativeness of the location (3) Areal coverage (4) Prospect for continuity in the future - Initial Selection in 1996 940 stations were selected from 8, 653 stations GSN Station in JMA + Showa in Antarctic (criteria of selection) * Record length * Homogeneous (no or little moving the location) * Reference (meta data for the station) * Current Report via GTS * Population (not urbanized) - After some changes by NMHSs, 981 stations are resistered (Jan, 2003) - Manual on the GSN and GUAN (2002, WMO/GCOS) 4

Activity of GSNMC JMA GSN Monitoring Centre GSN (GCOS Surface Network) To provide high quality / reliable climate data (JMA, DWD) GSNMC (GSN Monitoring Centre) established in 1999 The need for monitoring the network routinely DWD: Germany Meteorological Service ・Task ・Monitoring Methods ・Products 5

Task of GSNMC JMA I) To monitor the availability, timeliness and completeness of the CLIMAT messages distributed via GTS to improve the performance of the GSN; GTS : Global Telecommunication System II) To perform basic quality control for GSN stations to obtain high quality and completeness of the data set. CLIMAT : climatological monthly data such as monthly mean surface pressure, temperature, vapor pressure, sunshine, precipitation, . . . (about 2500 stations) 6

JMA Monitoring Methods and Data Flow Data flow among the organizations Data and meta data Monitoring Products NMHSs operating GSN stations WMO Secretariat Monitoring Reports Data and meta data Monitoring products (monthly) GSN Monitoring # Collect CLIMAT Centres # Decord, QC # Produce monitoring Germany, Japan results GSN-CLIMAT monitoring products (monthly) GSNMC Home Page http: //www. gsnmc. dwd. de/ Operated by DWD Data and meta data CLIMAT messages Historical Data World Data Centre in Asheville G T S National and international Clients 7

GSNMC Home Page JMA http: //www. gsnmc. dwd. de/ CLIMAT Data (with format errors and QC) Monitoring Reports GSN Station Lists and Maps Monitoring Products 8

Monitoring Results JMA Monitoring Elements in GSNMC ・Timeliness ・Completeness ・Correctness ・Quality for temperature and precipitation (JMA takes responsible for temperature, while DWD for precipitation) ・GSN station meta-data 9

JMA Monitoring Results Timeliness <WMO Regulation> CLIMAT should be disseminated by 5 th not later than 8 th day ・Most reports were received by 8 th ・Reception Rate by 5 th were around 50%, by 8 th were a little less than 60% 10

JMA Monitoring Results CompletenessⅠ RA II RA VI RA IV RA III RA V ANTARCTICA 11

Monitoring Results JMA CompletenessⅡ IV VI II ・The highest reception rate is RA IV III I V ANTARCTICA ・The situation was severe in RA I (around 40%) ・The percentage in RA II has increased gradually. 12

Monitoring Results JMA Correctness The ratio of most frequent errors <Error> ・Random ・Systematic March-August 2003 CSJP 02 RJTD 030000 CLIMAT 09002 PART 1 47598 111 10140 20146 30208027 402430179 5203 60188312 7134099 8000000 9000000 222 07100 10128 20134 30213011 402470183 5205 6020612 7136 8000101 9000000 333 01201 31210 40601 9//0001 444 0025503 1016826 2030704 3011425 4062528 5106301 60100= (specific countries) - Incorrect 111 identified - Not Actual Month - Needless words - No end of message mark(=) - CLIMAT: wrong spelled 13

Monitoring Results JMA Quality QC results for monthly mean temperature from March to August 2003 0 1 2 <QC for temperature> # 35 -38% data in GSN couldn’t checked (Flag 0) # Most of them were decided good (Flag 2, 3) 3 4 5 <QC for precipitation> #characteristic is almost the same as QC for temperature 14

CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data JMA Background Anticipated NMHSs react directly and send the sufficient CLIMAT messages or eliminate their systematic errors according to the GSNMC’s monitoring results The reception rate of CLIMAT messages and the systematic errors haven’t been improved remarkably To build up some mechanisms to contact between GSNMC and NMHSs directly and give some advice on the technical problems As a centre implementing such a task, CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data were proposed in 2002 JMA offered and started the activity in August 2003 CBS : Commission for Basic System (One of the WMO Commission) 15

CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data JMA Role among the Centres Objective The Lead Centre aims to improve the quantity and quality of GSN data, contained in CLIMAT messages exchanged over the GTS, by exchanging the GSN monitoring information directly with the NMHSs Monitoring Products Transmit CLIMAT messages (JMA, DWD) GSN Monitoring Centre Home Page Operated by DWD (JMA) CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data (NCDC) for historical GSN and GUAN Data Request sending CLIMAT messages by e-mail, if GTS trouble Dissemination of CLIMAT messages GTS Monitoring Products and CLIMAT data Contact NMHSs sending no / erroneous CLIMAT messages -Problem detection -Give advice on correct message Focal Points National Meteorological or Hydrological Services （WMO Members） 16

CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data JMA Activities ( i ) Identification of NHMSs with problems. (NMHSs: National Meteorological or Hydrological Services) ( ii ) Contact with NHMSs from which no CLIMAT message is received. (iii) Support to NMHSs for preparing CLIMAT messages in a standard format. (iv) Report on the CBSLC's activities to the other CBS Lead Centre(s), WMO and GCOS Secretariat. (CBSLC: CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data) (v) Maintenance of the list of FPs in co-operation with WMO Secretariat. (FPs: National Focal Points for climatological data monitoring issues) 17

CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data JMA Activities I (i) Identification of NMHSs with problems. Based on the results of the monthly monitoring provided by the GSNMC, the CBSLC identifies NMHSs to be contacted. Contact by e-mail Focal Point of NMHS Formal letters regarding nomination of the Focal Points were sent to each NMHS by WMO Secretariat in September, 2003 GSNMC’s monitoring results CBS Lead Centre 18

JMA CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data Activities (ii) Contact with NMHSs from which no CLIMAT message is received. All Potential Users 1. For the NMHSs from which no CLIMAT message of a GSN station has NMHSs reached the GSNMC for several months or longer, the CBSLC liaises GTS/ with Focal Points (FPs) of the NMHSs to find out the reason. Internet 2. If a problem is identified in communication, the Centre will request GSNMC the NMHSs to explore an alternative method for sending the CLIMATWDC (NCDC) (in DWD) messages to the CBSLC as a tentative measure, by e-mail for example. Questionnaire Not make CLIMAT Messages　 Not full knowledge for making CLIMAT message Not recognized as GSN stations Sparse daily observation data Financial problem(facilities, observers, …) Make CLIMAT Messages Maybe communication problem such as the GTS Format error Other reasons Request making and sending the CLIMAT messages by the GTS, if possible Report the situation to the WMO and GCOS Secretariat to take the remedial actions Request sending the CLIMAT messages by e-mail Give technical advice how to make a correct CLIMAT message 19

CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data JMA Activities III (iii) Support to NMHSs for preparing CLIMAT messages in a standard format. 1. For the NMHSs which send erroneous CLIMAT messages consistently, the Centre will notify the FP of the NMHSs and give advice on preparing a correct message. 2. The Centre will readily respond to technical questions on the preparation of a CLIMAT message from FPs CSJP 02 RJTD 030000 correct CLIMAT 10002 47598 111 10140 20146 30208027 402430179 5203 60188312 7134099 8000000 9000000 333 01201 31210 40601 9//0001 444 0025503 1016826 2030704 3011425 4062528 5106301= CSJP 02 RJTD 030000 Manual on Codes GSN/GUAN Guide Vol. I (1995) (2002) Guide To Climatological Practices(1983, 2001) CLIMAT/CLIMAT TEMP Handbook (2004? ) KLIMAT 09002 erroneous PART 1 111 47598 10140 20146 30208027 402430179 5203 60188312 7134099 8000000 9000000 333 01201 31210 40601 9//0001 444 0025503 1016826 2030704 3011425 4062528 5106301 20

CBS Lead Centre for GSN Data JMA Activities (iv) Report on the Centre's activities to the other CBS Lead Centre(s), WMO and GCOS Secretariat. 1. The CBSLC will make a report which includes the Centre's activities and GSN monitoring results provided by the GSNMC. The report will be prepared on an annual basis. 2. It will present information on the problems which are identified by the Centre to be the causes for deteriorating the availability and quality of GSN data. 3. The report will be passed on to the other CBS Lead Centre(s) for GCOS data, the WMO and GCOS Secretariat. 4. The report including follow up actions should be made available to CBS and AOPC. (v) Maintenance of the list of FPs in co-operation with WMO Secretariat. The CBSLC will update the list of FPs when their replacements are named by the NMHSs concerned or provided through the WMO Secretariat. 21