Jean Piaget His Life His Theory Applications in

Jean Piaget His Life His Theory Applications in Education

Outline l l Who is Jean Piaget? How did he Start Working in Psychology? Piagetian Glossary His Theory: – Stages of Development: l l l Sensorimotor Stage (0 – 2 years) Preoperational Stage (2 – 6/7 years) Concrete Operational Stage (6/7 years – 11 years) Formal Operational Stage (11 – 15 years) Applications of his theory in Education

Who’s Jean Piaget? l l l Place Of Birth: Switzerland Date of Birth: August 9 th, 1896 First Appearance: at the age of 11, he wrote a short notice on an albino sparrow – this is considered as the start of a brilliant scientific career.

How did he Start Working in Psychology? l PHD in Natural Science. l Moving to France – Working at a school. l First experiential studies of the growing mind.

Piagetian Glossary l Genetic Epistemology: The study of the origins of knowledge. – – Do we just add more information over time? No! Children are not just little adults who have not acquired as much knowledge. They think in qualitatively different ways. Their thinking is not illogical, but employs a different logic. Example

Piagetian Glossary l Schemas: Simple skills that the individual possesses and that direct the way this individual is to explore his/her environment and gain more knowledge. Example

Piagetian Glossary Example l Assimilation: Incorporation of new material from the environment into a schema.

Piagetian Glossary Example l Accommodation: Changing a certain schema to fit the environment.

Piagetian Glossary l Adaptation: Piaget’s term of what we call “Learning”; individuals use schemata to understand features of the world.

Piagetian Glossary l l Equilibrium: when Assimilation and Accommodation work in harmony together; it means that adaptation is driven by a biological drive to obtain balance between schemes and the environment. Further Investigations…

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development l Basic Assumption: – l Development is children’s attempts to make sense of the world. Development is the orderly, qualitative, and adaptive changes in: Physical – Personal – Social – Cognitive Aspects of an individual. –

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development l Factors that Influence Development: – Maturation – Activity – Social Transmission

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development l Two major characteristics to theory: – The process of coming to know – The stages the individual moves through as he/she gradually acquire the ability to know.

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development l Video 1: Introduction to Piaget.

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development l Sensorimotor Stage (0 – 2 years) l Preoperational Stage (2 – 6/7 years) l Concrete Operational Stage (6/7 – 11 years) l Formal Operational Stage (11– 15 years)

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development l Sensorimotor Stage: (0 -2 Years) – Infant uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world.

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor Stage Period 0 -1 months Characteristics -Reflex activity only -No differentiation 1 -4 months -Hand-mouth coordination -Differentiation via sucking 4 -8 months -Hand-eye coordination -Repeats unusual events

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor Stage Period 8 -12 months Characteristics -Coordination of two schemata -Object permanence attained 12 -18 months -New means through experimentation -follows sequential displacements 18 -24 months -Internal representations -New means through mental combinations

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor Stage l Video 2: Object Permanence

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development l Preoperational Stage: (2 -6/7 Years) – The development of internal representation permits the young child to begin to use symbols to represent objects

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development Preoperational Stage l Egocentric Stage (2 -4 years) – Problems are solved through representation – Language develops – Thought and logic are both EGOCENTRIC

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development Preoperational Stage – Egocentric Stage l Video 3: Egocentrism

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development Preoperational Stage l Intuitive Stage (5 -7 years) – Child cannot solve conservation problems – Judgments are based on perception rather than logic

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development Preoperational Stage – Intuitive Stage l Video 4: Conservative Tasks

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development l Concrete Operational Stage (7 -11 years) – Child attains reversibility – Child can solve conservative problems – Logical operations developed and applied to concrete problems – Child cannot solve complex verbal problems

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development Concrete Operational Stage l Video 5: Logical Operations

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development l Formal Operational Stage (11 -15 years) – Child can logically solve all types of problems – Child can think scientifically – Child can solve complex verbal problems – Cognitive structures attained

Piaget’s Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development Formal Operational Stage l Video 6: Formal Operational Child

Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education “Learning Comes Through “Doing” – It is an active process”

Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education l Learner-Centered Philosophy l Activity is Essential l Individualized Instruction

Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education l Teaching at all levels of education must be founded on the activity of the learner. Concepts CANNOT be taught through verbal instruction.

Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education Six Principles 1. The teacher should create an environment and an atmosphere in which children will be active and will initiate and complete their own activities. The teacher should provide time to spare and materials to complete self-initiated activities.

Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education Six Principles 2. Teachers should give feedback to their students when dealing with social-arbitrary knowledge, but when it comes to physical and logicalmathematical knowledge feedback should not be given.

Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education Six Principles 3. Teachers should let the preoperational child go through stages of being “wrong”.

Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education Six Principles 4. Teachers should know that some types of knowledge are best learned and motivated through interaction with other children.

Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education Six Principles 5. View all Aspects of Knowledge as inseparable.

Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education Six Principles 6. If you want a child to acquire a specific fact or piece of content that is not available to him, teach it directly and reinforce the learning.

Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education Other Teaching Considerations l Teachers are organizers of the learning process. l Teachers are assessors of the child’s thinking. l Teachers are initiators of group activities l Materials l Development is not automatic l Accelerations

References l l l l A Brief Biography of Jean Piaget – Piaget Archives. Jean Piaget – Psychology History The Piaget Handbook for Teachers and Parents – Teachers’ College Press Piaget for the Classroom Teacher – Wadsworth Knowledge and Development – Easly The Teaching of Young Children – Schoken Piaget in the Classroom – Shwebel and Ralph

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