Jean Piaget Theory of Cognitive Development in Children

Jean Piaget Theory of Cognitive Development in Children Patricia Engel-Bunch http: //1. bp. blogspot. com/_e 9 d. Rq. FHRdz. Y/S 1 Zx. Sk. Di. Qk. I/AAAAAU/1 WL Ykd. NIUxg/S 755/Jean. Piaget. jpg

Jean Piaget • 1896 -Born in Switzerland • 1918 - Earned Doctoral Degree • 1919 -Started to study language development in children • 1921 -Started work in child psychology • 1922 - Met and married Valentine Chatenay • 1925, 27, 31 - birth of two daughters and a son • 1980 -Died

Published his first scientific paper at age 10! • Also published much more: – The Language and Thought of the Child 1924 – The Child’s Conception of the World 1926 – The Child’s Conception of Casualty 1927 – Judgment and Reasoning in the Child 1928 – The Moral Judgment of the Child 1932 – The Origins of Intelligence in Children 1936 – Play, Dreams and Imitation in Children 1951 – The Growth o Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence 1958 – Manual of Child Psychology 1970 – Biology and Knowledge 1971 – The Grasp of Consciousness 1974

Jean Piaget studied the intellectual development of children and concluded that children were not less intelligent than adults, they simply think differently! http: //pequebebes. com/la-teoria-del-desarrollo-cognitivo-de-jean-piaget/

Four Stages of Development http: //edu. glogster. com/media/15/37/30/97/37309761. gif

STAGE ONE: Sensorimotor Stage • Birth to age 2 • Infants try to make sense of their world through their sensory perceptions and motor activities (skills they are born with) – looking sucking grasping listening Object Permanenceunderstanding an object exists even though it cannot be seen or heard (important accomplishment at this stage)

Six Sub-stages of the Sensorimotor Stage 1. Reflexes (0 -1 month) - infant learns through inborn reflexes such as looking and sucking

Six Sub-stages of the Sensorimotor Stage 2. Primary Circular Reactions (1 -4 months) - infant coordinates sensations and new schemas (categories/classifications). A child may unintentionally suck his thumb at first and then repeat the action because it brings him pleasure.

Six Sub-stages of the Sensorimotor Stage 3. Secondary Circular Reactions (4 -8 months) -Child becomes more aware of world around him and interacts with it. The child will intentionally pick up a toy to put it in his mouth.

Six Sub-stages of the Sensorimotor Stage 4. Coordination of Reactions (8 -12 months) -actions are more intentional, child explores environment and imitates behaviors, has an understanding of objects. A child realizes that when you shake a rattle, it will make a sound.

Six Sub-stages of the Sensorimotor Stage 5. Tertiary Circular Reactions (12 -18 months) -trial and error experimentation. The child will repeat sounds and/or behaviors in order to get desired results. A child will try out different sounds/actions to get mother’s attention

Six Sub-stages of the Sensorimotor Stage 6. Early Representational Thought (18 -24 months) -Child develops symbols to represent events or objects in the world -moving toward mental understanding of the world instead of just actions. http: //bryanking. net/sensorimotor-stage/

STAGE TWO: Preoperational Stage • Ages 2 -6 • Language development is very important • Use of symbols (a broom for a horse) • Increase in playing and pretending (to be mommy, daddy, doctor…) • Conservation-cannot understand the concept of numbers, length, mass, weight, volume and quantity) • Egocentrism! Only understand their own point of view http: //www. mhhe. com/socscience/devel/ibank/early-c. htm

STAGE THREE: Concrete Operational Stage • Ages 7 -11 (approximately) • Better understanding of mental operations • Logical thinking about concrete events • Difficulty with abstract or hypothetical concepts • Inductive Logic- a specific experience to a general principal NO DEDUCTIVE (general principal to an outcome) http: //www. childtime. com/our-schools/Manassas-VA-1052/ • Reversability- actions can be reversed (reversing the order of relationships between mental categories)

STAGE FOUR: Formal Operational Stage • Ages 12 -adulthood (approximately) • Abstract concepts-less concrete, not relying on experience alone, consider possible outcomes and consequences of actions • Logical thought, deductive reasoning and systematic planning (hypothetical situations, predicting outcomes, science, math) • Problem solvingplanned, logical, methodical, organized (as opposed to trial and error when younger) http: //naldzgraphics. net/tips/creative-mental-blocks-solution/

Criticisms • Piaget’s Research-much was based on observing his 3 children, others were from well educated parents and of higher socioeconomic status. • Research also showed that environmental factors play a role in child’s movement between the stages, not only age

Piaget’s Influence and Legacy Educational Contributions • Children should be taught at their appropriate cognitive level, developmentally ready • Many educational programs are based on Piaget’s theory • Excellent “guideline” Technology tools can easily support any of the stages through presentation or product.

What have you learned? 1. Check your understanding of Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development. 2. On the next slide, click on a stage and a point value to answer the questions. 3. After you check your answer, you will be brought back to the table to answer another question. 4. Good Luck!

Sensorimotor Pre-operational Concrete operational Formal operational 100 100 200 200 300 300 400 400

Sensorimotor 100 How do infants make sense of their NEW world? Answer!

Sensorimotor 200 What is object permanence? Answer!

Sensorimotor 300 What sensorimotor sub-stage is an infant in if they purposefully pick up a toy and put it in their mouth? Answer!

Sensorimotor 400 A child will repeat sounds and/or behaviors in order to get desired results. This type of experimentation is called ________. Answer!

Preoperational 100 What is the approximate age a child passes through this stage? Answer!

Preoperational 200 What is egocentrism? Answer!

Preoperational 300 This stage can be very playful and imaginative. What are some behaviors you may witness? Answer!

Preoperational 400 Children in this stage have difficulty understanding the concept of conservation. What is conservation? Answer!

Concrete Operational 100 What is the approximate age a child will enter this stage? Answer!

Concrete Operational 200 Children in this stage think more logically about concrete events. They still have difficulty with ____________. Answer!

Concrete Operational 300 Children have a grasp on this kind of logic. They understand how a specific experience, action, details would lead to the same outcome (generalization). What is this kind of logic? Answer!

Concrete Operational 400 A child is able to understand that his dog is a beagle and a beagle is a dog and a dog is an animal. What is this reversing of relationships called? Answer!

Formal Operational 100 What is the approximate age a child will enter this stage? Answer!

Formal Operational 200 Children in earlier stages solved problems through trial and error. How do children in this stage tend to solve problems? Answer!

Formal Operational 300 Children think more ________. Everything is less concrete. They can consider possible outcomes and consequences of actions! Answer!

Formal Operational 400 Which subjects involve a lot of hypothetical situations and predicting outcomes? Answer!

Sensorimotor 100 Through their sensory perceptions and motor activities. Skills they are born with (sucking, looking, grasping, listening) Check your BACK Answer!

Sensorimotor 200 The understanding that an object exists even though it cannot be seen or heard! An important accomplishment at this stage. BACK

Sensorimotor 300 Secondary Circular Reactions 4 -8 months BACK

Sensorimotor 400 trial and error BACK

Preoperational 100 Ages 2 -6 years BACK

Preoperational 200 Egocentrism is when a child can only see and understand from his/her point of view. BACK

Preoperational 300 Use of symbols, like using a broom as a horse. Pretending to be mommy, daddy, a doctor… BACK

Preoperational 400 Conservation-the understanding of the value of numbers, length, mass, weight, volume and quantity… It was difficult for many at this age to understand that 1 cup of water in a short glass is the same as 1 cup of water in a tall skinny glass, even when the water is poured from one to the other in front of them. BACK

Concrete Operational 100 Ages 7 -11 years BACK

Concrete Operational 200 abstract or hypothetical concepts BACK

Concrete Operational 300 Inductive Logic BACK

Concrete Operational 400 Reversibility! BACK

Formal Operational 100 Age 12 adulthood BACK

Formal Operational 200 Problem solving is more planned, logical methodical and/or organized! BACK

Formal Operational 300 Abstractly BACK

Formal Operational 400 Math and Science BACK

Resources Atherton J S (2011) Learning and teaching; Piaget's developmental theory [On-line: UK]retrieved 25 June 2012 from http: //www. learningandteaching. info/learning/piaget. htm Cherry, K. (n. d. ). Jean piaget biography. Retrieved from http: //psychology. about. com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/piaget. htm Jean piaget: Champion of children’s ideas. (2001). Scholastic Early Childhood Today, 15(5), 43 -43. http: //search. proquest. com/docview/217927844? accountid=231 Mc. Leod, S. A. (2009). Piaget cognitive stages of development. Retrieved from http: //www. simplypsychology. org/piaget. html