International Environmental Policy NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF CANADA

International Environmental Policy NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF: CANADA HARI SRINIVAS ROOM: I-312 / 079 -565 -7406

Environmental “zones” of Canada � A bioregion, also known as an ecozone, is an area defined by the presence of a combination of specific features, including soils, climate, landforms, and plant and animal species. � Canada has more then 10 bioregions

Canada - Facts �Canada is the second-largest country in world (after Russia) and largest in the Americas �Approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km (100 mi) of the US border �Canada has more fresh water than any other country and almost 9% of Canadian territory is water �Canada has over 3 million lakes - that is more than all other countries combined

Environmental Problems of CAnada �metal smelting �coal-burning utilities, �vehicle emissions impacting agricultural and forest productivity �air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests �ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities Main causes: Mining Industries Cities

Global Environment and Canada � Air Pollution, Nox, POPs, Sulphur � Antarctic-Environmental Protocol � Biodiversity � Climate Change � Desertification � Endangered Species � Environmental Modification � Hazardous Wastes � Law of the Sea � Marine Dumping � Ozone Layer Protection � Ship Pollution � Tropical Timber � Wetlands Multilateral Environmental Agreements of the United Nations

National Environmental Policy Environmental Issues Specialized implementation organization of the government Environmental Issues Specialized implementation organization of the government Businesses, civil society and other stakeholders Implementation Framework

Environmental Legislation The Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 is an Act of the Parliament of Canada, whose goal is: to contribute to sustainable development through pollution prevention and to protect the environment, human life and health from the risks associated with toxic substances. �It recognizes the contribution of pollution prevention and management of toxic substances and hazardous waste to reducing threats to Canada's ecosystems and biological diversity.

Related legislation � � � � � Canada National Parks Act Canada Water Act Canada Wildlife Act Canadian Environmental Assessment Act Canadian Environmental Protection Act Department of the Environment Act (Canada) Natural Canadian Environment Week Act, Canadian Resources Fisheries Act International Boundary Waters Treaty Act International River Improvements Act Other Issues Lake of the Woods Control Board Act Manganese-Based Fuel Additives Act Migratory Birds Convention Act National Wildlife Week Act Resources and Technical Surveys Act Lakes and Species at Risk Act Rivers Weather Modification Information Act Wild Animal and Plant Protection Act Water Management Climate and Weather Department of the Environment Act Biodiversity Data and Information

2012: Changes in Legislation �In 20212, environmental acts underwent major changes under “Bill-38”. �By placing the emphasis on jobs, growth and prosperity significant changes have been made �These changes have affected the government’s capacity to carry out environmental assessments and environmental regulations

Environment Canada �First established by the Department of the Environment Act in 1971, Environment Canada's role is to assess, monitor and protect the environment, and to provide weather and meteorological information to keep Canadians informed and safe.

Environment Canada: the beginning Environment Canada was created on June 11, 1971, from elements of the Government of Canada such as the Meteorological Service of Canada (established in 1871) and the Canadian Wildlife Service (established in 1947). The Department began operation with five services: �Atmospheric Environment Service �Environmental Protection Service �Fisheries Service �Land, Forest and Wildlife Service �Water Management Service

Environment Canada: Today, Environment Canada approaches protecting the environment by: �Making decisions based on the best evidence; �Using the most effective tools to reach objectives; �Using these tools efficiently to minimize public costs; �Transparently seeking advice from all partners; and �Adapting our approach when new information or objectives come to light.

Environment Canada: Environment Canada's mandate is to �preserve and enhance the quality of the natural environment, including water, air, soil, flora and fauna; �conserve Canada's renewable resources; �conserve and protect Canada's water resources; �forecast daily weather conditions and warnings, and provide detailed meteorological information to all of Canada; �enforce rules relating to boundary waters; and �coordinate environmental policies and programs for the federal government.

Environment Canada: Key partners include: • • citizens non-governmental groups research facilities other federal departments provincial and territorial governments Aboriginal peoples private sector organizations international organizations

Influencing national policy Global Environmental Agreements National Environmental Policy Environment Canada uses a wide range of tools to promote environmental leadership – from regulations and other means to voluntary partnerships with individuals, organizations, and other levels of government. National Environmental Issues

Hard and soft approaches Laws and Regulations National Environmental Policy Education and Awareness Technology Solutions Hard Approach Soft Approach

Stakeholder heirarchy “Environmental Police” Minister and other bureaucrats Officials Field staff

Example: Canada’s Eco. Logo �The Environmental Choice Program is an “ecolabelling” scheme �It was established by Environment Canada in 1988 with over 300 categories of products �It helps consumers identify services/products which are less harmful to the environment As of July 2013, there are currently more than 7, 000 Eco. Logo certified products from more than 300 different companies There are 122 Ecologo standards categories under which products can be certified.

Canada’s Eco. Logo �The Environmental Choice Program is part of the Global Ecolabelling Network (GEN) �(Japan’s Eco. Mark is also part of GEN) www. globalecolabelling. net

Eco Lifestyles Providing a choice to change their lifestyles through eco labels is just one way that Canada is moving forward sustainably … National Environmental Policy Market for Eco Products Eco Labeling Eco Lifestyle

Controversy 1: Canada and Climate Change �In December 2011, Ministry of the Environment announced Canada's withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol one day after nearly 200 countries met in Durban, South Africa at the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference �Canada argued that: 1. 2. 3. It was too expensive (nearly US$14 billion fines) It was too complex to work US and China, who emit more than 40% of global emissions, were not part of Kyoto Protocol.

Controversy 2: Air and Water Pollution �Significant air and water pollution from USA causes smog and acid rain in Canada �Ozone, sulphur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen oxide (Nox) and other chemicals are being reduced

Controversy 3: Tar/Oil Sands �Tar sands are huge deposits of asphalt that is turned into oil through complex and energyintensive processes �This process causes widespread environmental damage. �A vast area of Indigenous territories, forests and wetlands in northern Alberta are being affected as a result.

Contact me … Class website: http: //www. gdrc. info/iep Prof. Hari Srinivas Room: I-312 Tel: 079 -565 -7406 Email: hari. srinivas@kwansei. ac. jp