Integration of Heat and Power HEAT ENGINES RESERVIOR

Integration of Heat and Power

HEAT ENGINES RESERVIOR T 1 Q 1 Heat Engine W Q 2 RESERVIOR First Law of Thermodynamics W = Q 1 - Q 2 Second Law of Thermodynamics W 7 c Q 1 where T -T 7 c = 1 2 T 1 T 2

HEAT PUMPS RESERVIOR T 1 Q 1 Heat Pump W Q 2 RESERVIOR First Law of Thermodynamics Q 1 = W + Q 2 Second Law of Thermodynamics W 7 c Q 1 where T -T 7 c = 1 2 T 1 T 2

F 1(=QHmin) T heat source F 2 Q F 3 F 4 W F 5 Q-W heat sink (F 6) PINCH 0 F 7 F 8 F 9 H = F 1 + Q C = Fn+1 + Q - W F 10 Fn+1(=QCmin)

T HEAT ENGINE O W cold utility (Q-W)=F 1 F 2 hot utility F 3 F 4 F 5 (F 6) PINCH 0 F 7 F 8 F 9 H =Q C = Fn+1 F 10 Fn+1

T F 1 + O F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 (F 6) PINCH HEAT ENGINE 0 F 7 F 8+(Q-W) F 9+(Q-W) F 10+(Q-W) H =F+Q C = Fn+1 + Q - W Fn+1+(Q-W) W

F 1 T F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 (F 6) PINCH 0 F 7 F 8 F 9 HEAT ENGINE (d) F 10 O = Fn+1 W (Q-W) H = F 1 C =Q-W

Q Q W W (Q-W) = F 1 T F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 (F 6) PINCH 0 F 7 F 8 F 9 F 10 Fn+1 (a) (Q-W) H : Q + Q C : Fn+1 + (Q - W)

Q ZERO FLOW T W X 1 F 2 = 0 X 2 F 3 = 0 X 3 F 4 = 0 X 4 F 5 = 0 (F 6) PINCH X 5 0 (= F 1 in (a)) F 7 F 8 F 9 F 10 Fn+1 (b) H : Q C : Fn+1

F 1 - W T F 2 W Q+W F 3 Q F 4 Q W Q F 5 PINCH HEAT PUMP (F 6) 0 F 7 F 8 F 9 F 10 Fn+1 (b) IN : F 1 - W + W OUT : Fn+1

F 1 T F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 PINCH (F 6) 0 F 7 F 8+Q+W F 9+Q+W F 10 + W Q+W Q Fn+1 + W (b) W HEAT PUMP IN : F 1 + W OUT : Fn+1 + W

T PINCH F 1 (Q+W) F 2 (Q+W) F 3 (Q+W) F 4 (Q+W) F 5 -(Q+W) Q+W (F 6) 0 F 7 Q W Q HEAT PUMP F 8 Q IN : F 1 - (Q+W) = F - Q OUT : Fn+1 - Q F 9 Q F 10 Q Fn+1 + W (c)

Complex Distillation Configurations

(a) A A B C B B C C Figure 5. 1 The direct and indirect sequences of simple distillation columns for a threecomponent separation. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChem. E, Ch. ERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. )

(b) A B C A B A A B C B Figure 5. 1(續) The direct and indirect sequences of simple distillation columns for a three -component separation. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChem. E, Ch. ERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. )

A B C A B (Vapor Sidestream) C (a) More than 50% middle component and less than 5% heaviest component. Figure 5. 10 Distillation columns with three products. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChem. E, Ch. ERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. )

A B C A B (Liquid Sidestream) C (b) More than 50% middle component and less than 5% lightest component. Figure 5. 10(續) Distillation columns with three products. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChem. E, Ch. ERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. )

A B Partial Condenser A B C A B B B C Partial Reboiler C (a) Sequence for three product separation using nonadjacent keys (b) Figure 5. 11 Choosing nonadjacent keys leads to the prefractionator arrangement.

A B Partial Condenser A B C A B B C Partial Reboiler C (a) (b) Prefractionator arrangement Figure 5. 11(續) Choosing nonadjacent keys leads to the prefractionator arrangement.

A B C A COLUMN 1 B C A COLUMN 2 B C B B C C Figure 5. 12 Composition profiles for the middle product in the columns of the direct sequence show remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChem. E, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. )

COLUMN TOP COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 RE-MIXING IN COLUMN 1 COLUMN BOTTOM 0 Mole Fraction of B 1. 0 Figure 5. 12(續) Composition profiles for the middle product in the columns of the direct sequence show remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChem. E, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. )

Partial Condenser A B C A B Partial Reboiler C Figure 5. 13 Composition profiles for the middle product in the prefractionator arrangement show that there are no remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChem. E, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. )

COLUMN TOP MAIN COLUMN Prefractionator Top Prefractionator Feed PREFRACTIONATOR Sidestream Stage Prefractionator Bottom COLUMN BOTTOM 0 Mole Fraction of B 1. 0 Figure 5. 13(續) Composition profiles for the middle product in the prefractionator arrangement show that there are no remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChem. E, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. )

A A B C B 1 3 2 4 C (a) Thermally-coupled direct sequence (b) Figure 5. 14 Thermal coupling of the direct sequence.

A B C 1 A B 3 2 4 C (a) (b) Side-rectifier arrangement Figure 5. 14(續) Thermal coupling of the direct sequence.

A A B C 1 3 2 4 C (a) Thermally-coupled indirect sequence B (b) Figure 5. 15 Thermal coupling of the indirect sequence.

3 A B C A 2 4 1 C (a) B (b) Side-Stripper arrangement Figure 5. 14(續) Thermal coupling of the indirect sequence.

Partial Condenser A A B C B Partial Reboiler C (a) Prefractionator arrangement (b) Figure 5. 17 The thermally coupled prefractionator can be arranged in a single shell.

A Main Column A B C (a) (b) Thermally coupled prefractionator(Petlyuk Column) Figure 5. 17(續) The thermally coupled prefractionator can be arranged in a single shell.

A Main Column A B C (b) B (C) Dividing wall column C Figure 5. 17(續) The thermally coupled prefractionator can be arranged in a single shell.

T A B C A B C 1 C 2 C Figure 5. 18 Relationship between heat load and level in simple and prefractionator sequences. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChem. E, Ch. ERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. ) H

A A B C T B C 2 C Figure 5. 18(續) Relationship between heat load and level in simple and prefractionator sequences. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChem. E, Ch. ERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. ) H