Infinitive l Present Participle l Past Participle l

非谓语动词 Infinitive l 现在分词 Present Participle l 过去分词 Past Participle l 动名词 Gerund l 不定式

使用非谓语动词可达到简洁的效果 l 如何缩小城乡差别对于政府而言是个棘手的 问题。 l The widening gap between cities and rural areas should be bridged. This is a pressing issue for our government. l How to bridge the widening gap between cities and rural areas is a pressing issue for our government. l

（一）作主语 l 1. 鼓励妇女回家做全职太太是荒唐的。 l It is ridiculous to encourage women to go home to be full-time housewives. l 2. 政府有必要制定更加严厉的法律和法规来打 击涉毒犯罪。 l It is imperative for the government to constitute more rigid laws and regulations to fight drug-related crimes. l

二）作宾语 l 1. 新政府决定制定更多严厉的法律和法规来遏 制急剧上升的犯罪率。 l The new government decides to constitute more rigid laws and regulations to curb the soaring crime rate. l 2. 旅游业的发展有助于保护我们的文化遗产， 提供更多的就业机会。 l The development of tourism helps preserve our cultural heritage and create more job opportunities. l

三）作表语 l 1. 解决垃圾问题的一个对策是禁止使用一次 性产品。 l One of the solutions to the rubbish problem is to ban disposable products. l The best way to…. . is to…. l 2. The main reason to be vegetarian is to reduce animal suffering. l 成为素食者的主要原因是要减少动物遭受 的痛苦。 l

四）作补语 l 1. 我很荣幸邀请您到我家度周末 l It is a great pleasure for me to invite you to spend the weekend with us at my home. l 2. 海外留学背景令我们比别人具有优势。 l An overseas study background enables us to have an advantage over others. l

五）作定语 l 1. 政府有义务保护公民的身心健康。 l Governments have a duty to protect the mental and physical health of their citizens. l 2. 鼓励人们早点退休是减轻就业压力的有效 方法。 l To encourage people to retire early is an effective means to ease the tension of employment. l

六）作状语（目的、结果、原因） l 1. 为了保持健康，我们应该养成更健康的饮食 习惯和锻炼模式。 l In order to stay healthy, it is advisable for us to adopt and maintain healthier patterns of eating and exercise. l 2. 我现写信向你表示我衷心的谢意，感谢在澳 洲旅游期间你对我的热情款待。 l I write this letter to express my heartfelt appreciation for your hospitality during my visit to Australia. l

二、动名词 一）作主语 l 1. 吃肉也增加得心脏病的危险。 l Eating meat also increases the risk of heart disease. l 2. 照料宠物可以培养小孩的交际能力。 l Taking care of a pet can help children develop social skills. l

二）作表语 l 这个项目的目的是减少空气污染。 l The aim of the program is reducing air pollution. l 三）作宾语 l 接动名词作宾语的动词：finish, avoid, enjoy, appreciate, practise, delay, deny, risk, postpone, imagine l 我们恭候佳音。 l We all appreciate hearing from you again. l

四）作定语 l 如果你想提高写作能力，建议你多做写作和 阅读练习。 l If you wish to improve your writing ability, you are advisable to do more writing and reading practice. l

三、现在分词 一）作表语 l 1. 网上冲浪浪费时间 l Surfing the Internet is time-consuming. l 2. 有些电视节目是误导人的。 l Some TV programs are misleading. l

二）作定语 l 困扰我们政府的迫切问题是越来越多的青少 年吸毒。 l A pressing issue vexing our government is that a growing numbers of youth take drugs. l

三）作状语 l 在部队服役，女性能培养独立、自信、自尊、 自力。 l Serving in the army, females can develop independence, self-confidence, self-respect and self-reliance. l

四）作补语 l 我觉得就业形势令人沮丧。 l I find the employment situation frustrating. l

四、过去分词 一）作表语 l 没有严格的纪律，孩子们不太可能成为举止 得当和有修养的人。 l Without strict discipline, children are unlikely to be well behaved and well-bred. l

二）作定语 l 根据新颁布的规定，许多司机被处罚。 l Many drivers are penalized according to the newly issued regulations. l

三）作状语 l 由于深受大量网络色情和暴力的影响，有 些青年误入歧途。 l Deeply influenced by excessive violence and pornography on the Internet, some teenagers err from the right path. l

四）作补语 l 我们要妥善处理核废料。 l We should have the nuclear waste well disposed of. l

Ex Translation l l l 1. 为了改善我们的生活环境，我们必须马上行动起来。 To improve our living environment, we need to take actions immediately. 2. 给小孩零花钱是有益处的。 It is beneficial to give children some pocket money. 3. 一些城市通过限制私家车和发展公共交通来缓解沉重 的交通压力. (manage to do ) Some cities manage to ease the pressure of heavy traffic by restricting private cars and developing pubic transportation.

4. 培养小孩独立性和自信心的最佳方法是给 他们一份兼职 l The best way to foster a child’s independence and self-confidence is to give him (her) a part-time job. l 5. 在动物园里，稀有动物可以享受更好的居 住环境和专业的照料。 l Kept in zoos, some rare animals can enjoy better living conditions and professional care. l

6. 我觉得心跳得很快。 l I feel my heart beating at high speed. l 7. 太多游客涌入旅游景点对文物的保护构成潜 在威胁。 l Too many tourists flooding into the tourist attractions pose potential threat to the conversation of cultural relics. l

8. 负责任的政府的主要任务是消除贫困、疾病和 文盲。 l The main task of a responsible government is eliminating poverty, disease and illiteracy. l 9. 跳槽给我们展示多才多艺的机会。 l Job-hopping offers us opportunity to exhibit versatile talents. l

Assignment l Note-writing l Your friend Jack has got his master's degree. Write a note to show your congratulations. l Recent figures of crimes committed by young people is increasing in major cities throughout the world, discuss the possible reasons and solutions. l