W S 18 Tenses Simple Present Tense Simple

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W. S. (18) Tenses

W. S. (18) Tenses

Simple Present Tense 現在式

Simple Present Tense 現在式

Simple Present Tense is used: 1. For facts which are permanently true. 永恆的事實 The

Simple Present Tense is used: 1. For facts which are permanently true. 永恆的事實 The sun rises in the east. Dolphins live in the sea.

Simple Present Tense is used: 2. talk about things that always, usually, often, sometimes,

Simple Present Tense is used: 2. talk about things that always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, once a week or twice a month happen. 重複發生的動作 John always helps others. I play the piano twice a week. 每星期 2次

Present Continuous Tense 現在進行式

Present Continuous Tense 現在進行式

Time expressions: • now (現在) • at present (現在) • at the moment (在這刻)

Time expressions: • now (現在) • at present (現在) • at the moment (在這刻) • presently (目前)

Present Continuous Tense is used: For action happening at or around the time of

Present Continuous Tense is used: For action happening at or around the time of speaking. 在說話時正在發生的動作 Mr Ao is singing in the music room at the moment. (在這刻) I am presently talking to my sister. (目前)

Simple Past Tense 過去式

Simple Past Tense 過去式

Time expressions • yesterday (昨天) • last …(上一…) • ago (之前) • once upon

Time expressions • yesterday (昨天) • last …(上一…) • ago (之前) • once upon a time (從前) • just now (剛才) • this morning (今早)

Simple Past Tense is used: 1. for actions which happened at a stated time

Simple Past Tense is used: 1. for actions which happened at a stated time in the past. • He didn’t go out this morning. • I bought the house yesterday.

Simple Past Tense is used: 2. To express a past state or habit. 當她年輕時

Simple Past Tense is used: 2. To express a past state or habit. 當她年輕時 When she was young, she lived in a small flat. 當我在課室時 I saw her when I was in the classroom.

Simple Future Tense 將來式

Simple Future Tense 將來式

Time expressions • • tomorrow (明天) tonight (今晚) soon (不久) later (稍後) next …(下一…)

Time expressions • • tomorrow (明天) tonight (今晚) soon (不久) later (稍後) next …(下一…) in an hour (在一小時內) in one month (在一個月內) in the future (將來)

Simple Future Tense is used: For indicating those actions that we think will happen

Simple Future Tense is used: For indicating those actions that we think will happen in the future. 預計將會發生的事情 She will go to China next week.

Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式

Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式

has/ have + past participle

has/ have + past participle

When do we use Present Perfect Tense? already for yet just since (已經) (已有)

When do we use Present Perfect Tense? already for yet just since (已經) (已有) (尚未) (剛剛) how long before never (有多久) (之前) (從未) ever so far recently (曾經) (到目前為止) (最近) (自從)

1. We use the present perfect Tense to talk about completed actions. e. g.

1. We use the present perfect Tense to talk about completed actions. e. g. a. b. a. Ben is eating a chicken leg now. b. Ben has eaten a chicken leg already.

2. To express actions which have finished so recently that there’s evidence in the

2. To express actions which have finished so recently that there’s evidence in the present. • He has just painted the picture.

3. for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present.

3. for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present. • She has lived in this house for two years. • I have studied in this school since 2010.

Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式

Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式

Past Continuous Tense is used: 1. For an action that was in the middle

Past Continuous Tense is used: 1. For an action that was in the middle of happening at a stated time in the past. • 在過去某個時間 仍在進行中的動作 • At 8 o’clock yesterday • At 12 o’ clock last night.

I was eating at 7 o’clock yesterday.

I was eating at 7 o’clock yesterday.

Past Continuous Tense is used: 2. For two or more actions which were happening

Past Continuous Tense is used: 2. For two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past. (simultaneous actions) (兩個或以上) 同一時間發生的動作

The man was singing the girl was dancing.

The man was singing the girl was dancing.

3. For a past action which was  in progress     when another action interrupted

3. For a past action which was  in progress     when another action interrupted it. We use Past Continuous for the interrupted action and Past Simple for the action which interrupts it.

the boy was fishing, he hurt his head. The boy was fishing he hurt

the boy was fishing, he hurt his head. The boy was fishing he hurt his head.

Kitty was walking, she saw a bird. Kitty was walking she saw a bird.

Kitty was walking, she saw a bird. Kitty was walking she saw a bird.

if clause 過去式 (條件 2) main clause • would +原動詞 • can→could +原動詞 •

if clause 過去式 (條件 2) main clause • would +原動詞 • can→could +原動詞 • may →might +原動詞

條件 2 不可能的事 /不可能發生的 If clause (be) 如果我是一隻小鳥……. If I were a bird, I

條件 2 不可能的事 /不可能發生的 If clause (be) 如果我是一隻小鳥……. If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If Tom were a bee, he might work hard. If Sue were a cat, she could catch the rat. If he were a millionaire, he would help you. 條件 2 if clause(be) 全部用

can + 原動詞 John can buy the house if he has enough money. (

can + 原動詞 John can buy the house if he has enough money. ( can buy ) 條件 1

(buy) 條件 1 John will buy the house if he has enough money. If

(buy) 條件 1 John will buy the house if he has enough money. If he had enough money, John would buy the house. 條件 2

be- were I_______(do) more exercise would do were if I______(be) him. 如果我是他- 可能嗎? 不可

be- were I_______(do) more exercise would do were if I______(be) him. 如果我是他- 可能嗎? 不可 能 條件 2 ______you____(stay) in the nest Would stay were if you ______(be) a bird? 如果你(是)一隻鳥 – 不可能 條件 2

條件 1 be- is am are He _______(become) a movie star will become if

條件 1 be- is am are He _______(become) a movie star will become if he ______(be) tall and handsome. is 如果他是高和英俊 Will ______you____(go) swimming go if you ______(be) free? are 如果你(是)有空

The full infinitive 不定式 (to + verb)

The full infinitive 不定式 (to + verb)

The full infinitive (to + verb) is used: after certain verbs (特定動詞後) I want

The full infinitive (to + verb) is used: after certain verbs (特定動詞後) I want to be a doctor. want- 想 I hope to go to Disneyland again. hope-希望 I agree to sell this car. agree-同意 I decided to go to America. decide -決定 She seems to be unhappy. seem-似乎 She promised to buy me a toy. promise-答應

The full infinitive (to + verb) is used: after question words. ? ? ?

The full infinitive (to + verb) is used: after question words. ? ? ? I don’t know where to go. I don’t know what to do. He doesn’t know how to do the homework. Sue doesn’t know which to buy for Anita.

Gerund 動名詞 ( verb+ing )

Gerund 動名詞 ( verb+ing )

 love / loves like / likes • dislike / dislikes • hate /

love / loves like / likes • dislike / dislikes • hate / hates • enjoy / enjoys

The-ing form is used: 1. After love (愛) , like (喜歡) , enjoy(享受) ,dislike

The-ing form is used: 1. After love (愛) , like (喜歡) , enjoy(享受) ,dislike (不喜歡 ) , hate (討厭) 1. I like reading books. 2. Ivan dislikes playing chess. 3. They enjoy watching birds. 4. They hate meeting each other.

The-ing form is used: 2. After prepositions. 前置詞後 没有 1. Jason left without taking

The-ing form is used: 2. After prepositions. 前置詞後 没有 1. Jason left without taking his coat. 2. Vivian is good at dancing. 3. A pen is used for writing. 4. Please give up smoking. 戒煙

The bare infinitive (infinitive without to) 不帶 to 的動詞不定式

The bare infinitive (infinitive without to) 不帶 to 的動詞不定式

The bare infinitive( infinitive without to) is used: (只用原動詞) after modal verbs(情態動詞) 1. We

The bare infinitive( infinitive without to) is used: (只用原動詞) after modal verbs(情態動詞) 1. We must leave now. 2. We should keep quiet. 3. He can come home now. 4. She may sit down.

The-ing form is used: 前置詞後 singing 1. I am good at ______(sing). have cleaned

The-ing form is used: 前置詞後 singing 1. I am good at ______(sing). have cleaned 2. I _______just ______(clean) the floor. just(剛剛) 現在完成式 are (be) animals. 3. Giraffes and elephants ______ Don’t spit 4. ______(not spit ) on the floor. We must ____(keep) it clean. keep after modal verbs (can/must/should/may) 只用原動詞

(條件 1 ) 現在式 將來式 is not 5. If it ______(not/be) sunny, we______(not go)

(條件 1 ) 現在式 將來式 is not 5. If it ______(not/be) sunny, we______(not go) shall not go hiking. were not watching 6. The children _________(not watch)TV at nine o’clock yesterday. 過去進行式 has not been 7. My sister _________(not be) to Japan before(之前) 現在完成式 …while…(前後都是過去進行式) was surfing 8. While I _________(surf) the Net, my friends ________(make) handicrafts. were making

9. Grandma ______(grow) flowers since has grown she _____(move) to a new flat. moved

9. Grandma ______(grow) flowers since has grown she _____(move) to a new flat. moved 現在完成式 since 過去式 have done 10. I _______(do) my homework already (已經) 現在完成式 were 11. I would not help her if I _______(be) you. 如果我是他- 不可能 條件 2 after modal verbs (can / must / should /may) 只用原動詞 go 12. We can’t _____(go) now. It _________(not stop) raining yet. has not stopped yet (尚未) 現在完成式

13. My parents ______(not/ be) at home will not be tomorrow morning (明天早上) 將來式

13. My parents ______(not/ be) at home will not be tomorrow morning (明天早上) 將來式 swimming 14. Mr. Smith enjoys _______(swim) but Mrs. Smith loves________(sing). singing The-ing form is used: After love (喜歡) / enjoy(享受) 15. _____(get) up early or you ____(be) late. will be Get 現在 or 將來 16. I want to_____(buy) some cakes. buy 「to +原動詞