highdensity cursor helps users keep track of fastmoving
- Slides: 28
high-density cursor helps users keep track of fast-moving mouse cursors patrick baudisch edward cutrell, george robertson microsoft research visualization and interaction research
goals • with today’s large screens and multimon users lose track of the cursor • high-density cursor solves this problem by filling in additional cursor images • high-density cursor makes users faster while having virtually no side-effects • general insight: display frame rate is not a hard limit
large screens and multimon • information mural [Guimbretière, Winograd] • on large screens optical flow helps navigation [Tan 2001] • large screens help productivity tasks [Czerwinski 2003] Use Multimon 32% No Multimon 30% • focus-plus-context screens faster than overviews [Baudisch 2001] • multi-monitor setups: access palette windows in Photoshop, CAD… [Grudin 2001] Plan to Use Multimon 38% [Jon Peddie Research Dec, 2002 N=6652]
challenge: keeping the mouse working • longer distances higher mouse acceleration • temporal aliasing: 500 pixels jumps • lack of visual continuity users lose track of the cursor
the problem will get worse • • • “yes, but won’t faster computers make this problem go away? ” NO: cursor update is limited by screen refresh rate has actually decreased (LCDs) larger screens + lower refresh rate status quo future: even larger screens problem will get worse
demo… previous cursor position current cursor position use o m tion mo rsors u c n i fillame r f t n curre fill pre -in cu vio r us sors fra me inserts cursor image between actual cursor positions the mouse cursor appear more continuous
this is not the mouse trail video the windows mouse trail… • makes mouse trail last longer • drawback: cursor images lag behind . . . is not highdensity cursor • hd cursor makes mouse trail denser • lag-free: mouse stops => cursor stops
benefits previous cursor position current cursor position use o m tion mo ors s r u c fill-in frame nt curre 1. mouse cursor appear more continuous easier to track the cursor 2. higher “visual weight” easier to re-acquire the cursor fill-i pre n curs viou o s fra rs me
related work • acquiring distant targets • • enhance detectability of the mouse cursor • • • move cursor with eye gaze (Sibert and Jacob, 2000), Magic pointing (Zhai et al. , 1999) flick snaps cursor to target (Dulberg et al. (1999) sticky icons capture cursor (Swaminathan and Sato, 1997) throwing gets across long distances (Geißler, 1998) expanding targets save space on screen (Mc. Guffin and Balakrishnan, 2002) drag-and-pop (baudisch et al 2003) <ctrl> for radar animation (Microsoft, Steve Bathiche) cursor growth (Kensington Mouseworks 2001) mouse trail for slow response LCDs (e. g. MS Windows) live. Cursor points in the direction of its motion (Ben Bederson) motion blur and temporal supersampling • • reduce temporal aliasing, such as stroboscope, e. g. wheel spokes rendering a scene multiple times (Dachille and Kaufman, 2000) improve the perceived responsiveness of graphics apps (Conner and Holden, 1997) help users anticipate motion (Chang, 1993; Thomas & Calder, 2001)
design
design goals • for users who track the cursor enhance the predictability of the cursor path • enhanced trail density/continuous blur • smooth interpolation of the cursor path • preservation of trail density as a cue for cursor speed. • for users who reacquire the cursor increase the detectability of the cursor (visual weight) • enhanced trail density • enhanced cursor opacity • and cursor scaling. • preserve responsiveness
designs alternatives a b c d e f g h frame • reference: exponential acceleration
designs alternatives a b c d e f g h frame • motion blur with higher weight acceleration
designs alternatives a b c d e f discreet version chose 1. latest cursor position is always shown blur-free and in full opacity g 2. appearance that users are familiar with today h 3. computationally less expensive frame • temporal super-sampling vs. motion blur acceleration
designs alternatives a b c d e f g h frame • density = detectability vs. intrusiveness acceleration
designs alternatives a b c d e f g h frame acceleration • distance between cursor images as cue for mouse speed
designs alternatives a b c d e f g h frame • smooth interpolation acceleration
transfer function (configurable) hd cu rs or ha s no ef fe ct distance between cursor images cursor trail provides no speed cues onset threshold (configurable) mouse speed
designs alternatives a b c d e f g h frame • optional cursor growth acceleration
bezier interpolation cursor position 1. linear interpolation 2. attraction point 3. interpolate
user study
pre-study goal: define interfaces for user study participants: 14 coworkers informal procedure – try out high-density cursor – try out different settings (density, onset…) – choose “favorite” setting resulting interface parameters – 12 -17 pixels/frame vs. 35 pixels/frame – distance = sqrt(n) – cursor growth on or off
user study • interfaces: control vs. high-density cursor (conservative, triple. Density, plus. Scaling) fitts’ law task triple-mon: button located at 5” to 40” distance participants: 7 external participants, 5 coworkers • hypotheses • • high-density cursor faster • the greater the distance the greater the effect • triple. Density and plus. Scaling faster than conservative
time % relative to regular cursor results regular mouse cursor 102 100 98 96 94 92 90 short distance conservative + scale speedup up to 7% +3 -dense high-density cursors 125 250 500 target distance (mm) 750 1000
subjective satisfaction Liked Most Liked Least control 0 7 HD_conservative 2 3 HD_triple. Density 2 0 HD_plus. Scaling 6 0 Condition • most participants did notice that cursor was different! “did that condition use a different mouse acceleration? ”…
goals revisited conclusions with today’s large screens and multimon users lose track of the cursor high-density cursor solves this problem by filling in additional cursor images high-density cursor makes users faster while having virtually no side-effects general insight: display frame rate is not a hard limit
thank you! try it out: Google high-density cursor paid advertisement more about motion blur and animation drag-and-pop talk tomorrow 4: 30 pm thanks to: eric horvitz, dan robbins brian meyers, pravin santiago steve bathiche, colin anthony john pruitt, mary czerwinski greg smith, and desney tan
(a) mouse trail t mouse motion (b) high-density cursor t mouse motion
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