Fract VRML A New Proposition to Extend X

Fract. VRML: A New Proposition to Extend X 3 D with Fractal Geometry Iran University of Science and Technology Computer Engineering Department Information Visualization Group Javad Sadeghi javad@iust. ac. ir Mohsen Sharifi msharifi@iust. ac. ir

Objective • X 3 D is a XMLbased markup language that is successor of VRML and we plan to make a profile for X 3 D with Fractal Geometry • In this project we propose Fract. VRML profile that uses Geo. VRML standard notation

Fractals Z = Z 2 + c

Recognizable Shapes Even a semicircl e! A triangle A rectangle Perhap sa square A parallelogram All familiar shapes from Euclidean Geometry 1/20

Shapes From Natural World They can’t be easily described with Euclidean 2/20

Fractal Concepts • Fractus • Fractal Features Why is geometry often described as ‘cold’ or ‘dry’? One reason lies in its • Self Similarity inability to describe the shape of a • Independence of cloud, a mountain, a coastline, or a Scale tree. Clouds are not spheres, • Fractal Dimension mountains are not cones, coastlines are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in a straight line. ” Benoit Mandelbrot, the father of fractal geometry, from his book The Fractal Geometry of Nature, 1982. 3/20

Virtual Reality

Virtual Reality Systems • A 3 D System • Interaction • Manipulation • Navigation • Applications • Data Visualization • Training • Design and Modeling • Entertainment • Medical Applications • See hidden real world features • Simulate dangerous / expensive situations 4/20

Authoring VRML Worlds • ASCII text file : . wrl • Platform Independent • 3 D Authoring tools • Exporters (3 DSMAX, Truespace, …) • World Builders (Spazz 3 d, Paragraph, …) • Text Editor • VRML Plug-Ins • Cosmo. Player (SGI) • World. View (Intervista) • Live 3 D (Netscape) • Cortona (Parallel Graphics) • Contact (Blaxxun Interactive) 5/20

Applications of Fractals in VR • 3 D Visualization • Scene Graph Arc. • Artificial Life • Pseudo. Fractal • Java. Script • LOD • Level. Of. Detail Tree. wrl 6/20

X 3 D

X 3 D (Extensible 3 D) • The next generation Open Web 3 D standard • X 3 D will replace VRML 97 when approved as at ISO • Concerted action by key VRML browser companies • Blaxxun, Nexternet, Open. Worlds, Parallel. Graphics • State-of-the-art Extensible Architecture • Enables small core plus flexibility to meet diverse market needs • Provides full compatibility with VRML 97 • Protecting existing content • A key influencer on other industry standards • MPEG-4, XML 7/20

Profiles • Interchange • Geometry, Texture, and Animation • Interactive User Controls • Extensible • Interactive + Script node/PROTOs/SAI • Base • Full 3 D Experience • Full • Everything 8/20

Members & Industry Leaders 9/20

Fract. VRML

Fractal Modeling Life Cycle 10/20

3 D Fractals • Quaternion Arithmetic • A+i. B+j. C+k. D • i 2 = j 2 = k 2 = -1 • ij = -ji = k • jk = - kj= i • ki = -ik = j • Hyper. Complex Numbers • 3 D IFS • Pov-Ray 11/20

Fractal Visualization Systems • Escape-Time Landscapes (ETL) • Roving Riemann Spheres (RRS) 12/20

Data Structure • 8 new nodes added to X 3 D: • information about the fractal data • Fract. Metadata • translates fractal coordinates for • Fract. Origin view • Fract. Coordinate • build geometry using fractal coords • Fract. LOD • multi-resolution terrain level of • Fract. Position. Interpolator detail • Fract. Touch. Sensor • animate objects with fractal coords • Fract. Viewpoint • query geometry for its fractal • Fract. Elevation. Grid location • specify viewpoint in fractal coords 13/20 • define height field in fractal coords

Example: Fract. LOD • Provide scalability features through the Fract. LOD node. • Fract. LOD provides Fract. LODof : X 3 DGrouping. Node { quadtree based level MFNode [in] add. Children MFNode [in] remove. Children detail MFNode [out] children [] SFVec 3 d [] MFString SFNode MFString SFFloat MFString MFNode SFVec 3 f [] [] [] • Supports BSP tree. MFString [] } center child 1 Url child 2 Url child 3 Url child 4 Url fract. Origin fract. System range root. Url root. Node bbox. Center bbox. Size 0 0 0 [] [] NULL "" 10 [] [] 0 0 0 - 1 -1 -1 [X 3 DSwitch. Node] (-∞, ∞) [urn] [Fract. Origin] [see table] [0, ∞) [ urn] [X 3 DChild. Node] (-∞, ∞) (0, ∞) or [-1 -1 -1] 14/20

Fractal Nodes • 8 new nodes added to X 3 D: • Fract. Mountain • Fract. River • Fract. Island • Fract. Cloud • Fract. Plant • Fract. Lightning • Fract. Crystal • Fract. Music 15/20

Example: Fract. Lightning • Modeling the lightning discharge • Intra-cloud lightning (horizontal discharge) • Cloud-to-ground lightning (vertical discharge) • Power density Fract. Lightning : X 3 DParametric. Geometry. Node { SFVec 3 f MFVec 3 f SFInt 32 MFDouble SFNode MFDouble SFInt 32 SFBool SFNode MFVec 3 d MFString } [in, out] [in, out] [] [] [] direction control. Point tessellation weight color tex. Coord knot order solid fract. Origin fract. Coords fract. System 0 0 -1 [] 0 [] NULL [] 3 TRUE NULL 0 0 0 "" (-∞, ∞) ( 0, ∞) (-∞, ∞) [2, ∞) [Fract. Origin] (-∞, ∞) [see table] 16/20

Extensibility – Key Enabler • Provides delivery platform for Working Group efforts • WGs can deliver Fract. VRML Components • Companies can deploy their technologies based on it • No limit to the applications that can be addressed with it VRML 97 Profile Core X 3 D Kernel Extension Framework Full VRML 97 backwards compatibility Small download, cool content, advanced rendering Fract. VRML 17/20

Conclusion & Future Work

Conclusion • Using Complex Coordinate • Using 3 D Representation of Fractals • Using XML Tagset • Fract. VRML Scenes • More Real Aspect • More Resolution • Little Size • Formulation of World www. Fract. VRML. org 18/20

Future Work • Implementation and standardization of proposed profile • Using Fractal Compression in X 3 D Scenes • Application of Fract. VRML to Geo. VRML • Design of a collaborative and distributed environment in support of real-time activities • Modeling of Internet 3 D with Fract. VRML 19/20

Board of Directors 20/20

Questions ?