Elements of Poetry poetry is when an emotion

Elements of Poetry “poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found words. ” - Robert frost

As Samuel Taylor Coleridge once said… Poetry is the “best words in their best order. ”

Elements of Poetry Stanza: lines of a poem grouped into a unit Example- “Doing Business” by Babs Bell Hajdusiewicz Stanza 1 My Daddy’s on the phone right now. He says he’s almost done. My Daddy’s doing business with A man from Washington. Stanza 2 My mother’s doing business, too. She’s not at home today. My mother’s doing business at Her office far away. Stanza 3 And I’ll be doing business with Our brand new pooper-scoop, ‘Cause my puppy’s doing business on Our newly painted stoop!

Elements of Poetry Refrain: A group of words repeated at intervals in a poem, song or speech. Example – B. o. b. “Airplanes” Can we pretend that airplanes In the night sky Are like shooting stars I could really use a wish right now (wish right now, wish right now)

Elements of Poetry Speaker: The voice talking in the poem, not necessarily the author. Example – Annabelle Lee (Edgar Allan Poe’s real wife was Virginia Clemm)

Forms of Poetry Narrative Ballad Epic Lyric Epic Ballad Ode Narrative Sonnet Lyric Sonnet Form Ode Elegy Free Verse Cinquain Haiku Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry Narrative: A poem that tells a story with plot, setting and characters Example: Captain Kidd- by Rosemary and Stephen Vincent Benet This person in the gaudy clothes Is worthy Captain Kidd. They say he never buried gold. I think, perhaps, he did. They say it’s all a story that His favorite little song, Was “Make these lubbers walk the plank!” I think, perhaps, they’re wrong. They say he never pirated Beneath Skull-and-Bones. He merely traveled for his health And spoke in soothing tones. In fact, you’ll read in nearly all The newer history books That he was mild as cottage cheese -- But I don’t like his looks. Epic Ballad Ode Narrative Sonnet Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry Narrative – Epic: a long narrative poem recounting in elevated style the deeds of a legendary hero, especially one originating in oral folk tradition Example: Beowulf Epic Ballad Ode Narrative Sonnet Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry Narrative- Ballad: intended to be sung, typically sentimental or romantic Stanza Example: “Love Story” by Taylor Swift We were both young, when I first saw you. I close my eyes and the flashback starts. I'm standing there, on a balcony in summer air. I see the lights; see the party, the ball gowns. I see you make your way through the crowd. You say hello, little did I know. . . Romeo take me somewhere, we can be alone. I'll be waiting; all there's left to do is run. You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess. It's a love story, baby, just say yes- Romeo save me, they're trying to tell me how to feel. This love is difficult, but it's real. Don't be afraid, we'll make it out of this mess. That you were Romeo, you were throwing pebbles- It's a love story, baby, just say yes. And my daddy said "stay away from Juliet"Oh, Oh. And I was crying on the staircasebegging you, "Please don't go. . . " I got tired of waiting. And I said. . . Wondering if you were ever coming around. My faith in you was fading. Romeo take me somewhere, we can be alone. When I met you on the outskirts of town. I'll be waiting; all there's left to do is run. And I said. . . You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess, It's a love story, baby, just say yes. Romeo save me, I've been feeling so alone. I keep waiting, for you but you never come. So I sneak out to the garden to see you. Is this in my head, I don't know what to think. We keep quiet, because we're dead if they knew. He knelt to the ground and pulled out a ring and said. . . So close your eyes. . . escape this town for a little while. Oh, Oh. Marry me Juliet, you'll never have to be alone. I love you, and that's all I really know. Cause you were Romeo - I was a scarlet letter, I talked to your dad -- go pick out a white dress And my daddy said "stay away from Juliet" It's a love story, baby just say. . . yes. but you were everything to me. Oh, Oh, Oh. I was begging you, "Please don't go" And I said. . . 'cause we were both young when I first saw you

Forms of Poetry Free Verse: A poem with no fixed form or rhyme scheme. Example- “Harlem Night Song” by Langston Hughes Come, Let us roam the night together Singing. I love you. Across The Harlem roof-tops Moon is shining. Night sky is blue. Stars are great drops Of golden dew. Epic Ballad Ode Narrative Down the street A band is playing Sonnet Lyric Form I love you. Come, Let us roam the night together Singing. Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry Lyric: Poems that express the speaker’s feelings Ode- A poem that celebrates something Example: Sonnet – Has 14 lines and ends in a couplet Rhyme Scheme for a sonnet abab, cdcd, efef, gg Epic Ballad Ode Narrative Sonnet Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry Ode – A poem that celebrates something. Ode to a Blackberry Epic Ballad – by Misael Venturo Blackberry Narrative Oh I love your taste Your juices fill my mouth with water and flavor, Your color tempts me To suck all the juice and dry you out. Free Verse You are the fruit of my dreams, You are my thoughts and my pleasure, Your tremendous taste has no name. Ode Sonnet Lyric Form Elegy

Forms of Poetry Sonnet – Has 14 lines and ends in a couplet Example: “Hidden Beauty, Forever Broken” by laraelizabeth The moon shines upon the glassy surface of the hidden black lake in the forest. The stars glistening in the blue sky's place, the moon illuminates the trees at rest as they gently sway in the silent wind. Suddenly, the forest has changed; the sky is now lit with the forest's end. Fire engulfs all in its path deranged, consuming the trees and burning the land. The fire moves quickly, making a path; leaving behind a barren wasteland. (E) Through the flames and smoke, a menacing wrath disturbs the once beautiful hidden lake, for the beauty with it the flames will take. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) Epic Ballad Ode Narrative Sonnet Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry Elegy: A poem that mourns the loss of something. Example: “A Dirge”- by Percy Bysshe Shelley A Dirge is a song that is sung at a funeral. Rough Wind, that moanest loud Grief too sad for song; Wild wind, when sullen cloud Knells all the night long; Epic Ballad Sad storm, whose tears are vain, Bare woods, whose branches strain, Narrative Deep caves and dreary main, _ Wail, for the world's wrong! -- Shelley is mourning the deaths of Keats, and his son, William. Ode Sonnet Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy

Poetic Devices Simile: a comparison of two things using “like”, “as”, or “than” Anna Nalick – Breathe 2 AM and she calls me 'cause I'm still awake, "Can you help me unravel my latest mistake? , I don't love him. Winter just wasn't my season" Yeah we walk through the doors, so accusing their eyes Like they have any right at all to criticize, Hypocrites. You're all here for the very same reason 'Cause you can't jump the track, we're like cars on a cable And life's like an hourglass, glued to the table No one can find the rewind button, girl. So cradle your head in your hands And breathe. . . just breathe, Oh breathe, just breathe

Poetic Devices Metaphor: a comparison of two things without using “like” or “as” Miley Cyrus– The Climb There’s always gonna be another mountain I’m always gonna want to make it move Always gonna be an uphill battle Sometimes I’m gonna have to lose Is she really a mountain climber? Is she really fighting in a battle? What is she comparing to mountain climbing and battles?

Poetic Devices Alliteration: repetition of the consonant sound at the beginning of words in a line Examples: Peter Piper Picked a Pickled Pepper Dr. Seuss’s ABC Book The Flea and the Fly The flea and the fly got caught in the flue. Said the fly, “Let us Flee. ” Said the Flea, “Let us fly. ” So together they flew through the flaw in the flue.

Poetic Devices Assonance: repetition of the vowel sound throughout a line of poetry The Crocodile’s Toothache – by Shel Silverstein The Crocodile Went to the dentist And sat down in the chair, And the dentist said, "Now tell me, sir, Why does it hurt and where? " And the Crocodile said, "I'll tell you the truth, I have a terrible ache in my tooth, " And he opened his jaws so wide, The the dentist, he climbed right inside, And the dentist laughed, "Oh isn't this fun? " As he pulled the teeth out, one by one. And the Crocodile cried, "You're hurting me so! Please put down your pliers and let me go. " But the dentist laughed with a Ho Ho Ho, And he said, "I still have twelve to go. Oops, that's the wrong one, I confess, But what's one crocodile's tooth more or less? " Then suddenly, the jaws went SNAP, And the dentist was gone, right off the map, And where he went one could only guess. . . To North or South or East or West. . . He left no forwarding address. But what's one dentist, more or less?

Poetic Devices Onomatopoeia: a word that creates its own sound effect Skinny – by Shel Silverstein Skinny Mc. Guinn Was so terribly thin What while taking his bath Sunday night, Out popped the plug And sloosh-swoosh And glug-glug It washed Skinny Right down the drain Out of sight. And where is our dear Skinny Bathing tonight? In some underground pool Down below? Or up there so high In that tub in the sky Where all of The clean people go?

Poetic Devices Hyperbole: an extreme exaggeration Louder Than a Clap of Thunder – by Jack Prelutsky Louder than a clap of thunder, louder than an eagle screams, louder than a dragon blunders, or a dozen football teams, louder than a four alarmer, or a rushing waterfall, louder than a knight in armor jumping from a ten-foot wall. Louder than an earthquake rumbles, louder than a tidal wave, louder than an ogre grumbles as he stumbles through his cave, louder than stampeding cattle, louder than a cannon roars, louder than a giant's rattle, that's how loud my father SNORES!

Poetic Devices Symbolism: when a person, place, object or action stands for something beyond itself Katy Perry – Firework Do you ever feel like a plastic bag Drifting through the wind Wanting to start again Do you know that there's still a chance for you Cause there's a spark in you Do you ever feel, feel so paper thin Like a house of cards One blow from caving in You just gotta ignite the light And let it shine Just own the night What does a firework Like the Fourth of July symbolize? Do you ever feel already buried deep Six feet under scream But no one seems to hear a thing Cause baby you're a firework Come on show 'em what your worth Make 'em go "Oh, oh!" As you shoot across the sky-y-y Light, something exciting, something worth paying attention to

Poetic Devices Imagery: when the author tries to appeal to the reader using the five senses Playing Outfield – by Isabel Joshlin Glaser The baseball drops into your glove, Sounds like…. Thunk! (Or Plunk? Or Plop? Whop? ). . . But stays, Sounds like. . . Another sunny day, Dust, sweat shivering down, Clothes plastered to your skin, THIRST. . . . Sounds like you caught a flier, The other side’s out, And your team leads, Everybody’s yelling like crazy, HOORAY! water, please. . .

Poetic Devices Irony: the contrast between expectation and reality The Crocodile – by Lewis Carroll How doth the crocodile, Improve his shining tail, And pour the waters of the Nile On every golden scale! The New Kid on the Block – by Jack Prelutsky There's a new kid on the block, and boy, that kid is tough, the new kid punches hard, that new kid plays real rough, that new kid's big and strong, with muscles everywhere, that new kid tweaked my arm, that new kid pulled my hair. That new kid likes to fight, and picks on all the guys, that new kid scares me some, (that new kid's twice my size), that new kid stomped my toes, the new kid swiped my ball, that new kid's really bad, I don't care for her at all. How cheerfully he seems to grin, How neatly spread his claws, And welcomes little fishes in, With gently smiling jaws!

Poetic Devices Pun: a play on the multiple meaning of words “I Just Can’t Wait to be King – On The Lion King [Simba: ] I'm gonna be a mighty king So enemies beware! [Zazu: ] Well, I've never seen a king of beasts With quite so little hair [Simba: ] I'm gonna be the mane event Like no king was before I'm brushing up on looking down I'm working on my ROAR [Zazu: ] Thus far, a rather uninspiring thing [Simba: ] Oh, I just can't wait to be king!

Poetic Devices Personification: when the author gives human characteristics to non-human objects Happy Feet

Poetic Devices Tone: the attitude the writer takes on a subject or character Mood: the overall emotion created in the reader.

Poetic Devices Rhyme: the repetition of sounds in words close together Sick – by Shel Silverstein Internal Rhyme "I cannot go to school today" Said little Peggy Ann Mc. Kay. "I have the measles and the mumps, End A gash, a rash and purple bumps. Rhyme My mouth is wet, my throat is dry. I'm going blind in my right eye. My tonsils are as big as rocks, I've counted sixteen chicken pox. And there's one more - that's seventeen, And don't you think my face looks green? My leg is cut, my eyes are blue, It might be the instamatic flu. I cough and sneeze and gasp and choke, I'm sure that my left leg is broke. Slant My hip hurts when I move my chin, Rhyme My belly button's caving in. My back is wrenched, my ankle's sprained, My 'pendix pains each time it rains. My toes are cold, my toes are numb, I have a sliver in my thumb. My neck is stiff, my voice is weak, I hardly whisper when I speak. My tongue is filling up my mouth, I think my hair is falling out. My elbow's bent, my spine ain't straight, My temperature is one-o-eight. My brain is shrunk, I cannot hear, There's a hole inside my ear. I have a hangnail, and my heart is. . . What? What's that you say? You say today is. . . Saturday? G'bye, I'm going out to play!"

Poetic Devices Rhythm: the musical quality produced by repeated sounds Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too, Over the sun and beyond the blue. – by Shel Silverstein "Hold on!" Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too Went for a ride in a flying shoe. "Hooray!" "What fun!" "It's time we flew!" Said Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too. Ickle was captain, and Pickle was crew And Tickle served coffee and mulligan stew As higher And higher they flew, Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too. "Stay in!" "I hope we do!" Cried Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too. Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle too Never returned to the world they knew, And nobody Knows what's Happened to Dear Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.

Poetic Devices Rhyme Scheme: a pattern of end rhymes Selena Gomez –Perfectly I like who I am, but I guess you don’t I think that I can, but you think I won't (A) Amount to anything at all (B) If you love me, you sure show it strange (C) Is there anything that you wouldn't change? I can't be your paper doll. (B) [Chorus: ] I wanna be perfect, But I'm me I wanna be flawless, But you see Every little crack Every chip, Every dent, Every little mistake, I wanna be perfect, Just like you, But there's only so much that a girl can do When I look in the mirror what I see, (H) It makes sense to me, Perfectly (A) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H)

Poetic Devices Repetition: when specific words or phrases are repeated two or more times throughout a poem Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too – by Shel Silverstein Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too Went for a ride in a flying shoe. "Hooray!" "What fun!" "It's time we flew!" Said Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too, Over the sun and beyond the blue. "Hold on!" "Stay in!" "I hope we do!" Cried Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too. Ickle was captain, and Pickle was crew And Tickle served coffee and mulligan stew As higher And higher they flew, Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too. Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle too Never returned to the world they knew, And nobody Knows what's Happened to Dear Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.

Understanding and Analyzing Poetry Strategies for interpreting poems that are difficult to understand

Title Read the title and pay attention to any clues that it might give you. Sometimes the meaning of the entire poem is stated or hinted at in the title Try to predict what the poem could be about Ask yourself, “What might this title symbolize? ”

Reread You will rarely understand an entire poem the first time you read it… so read it twice. You will catch things the second time through that didn’t make sense before

Paraphrase For really difficult poems, go through stanza by stanza or even line by line and paraphrase what the poem is saying

Connotation Pay attention to the hidden meanings that the poem is trying to convey (think about the figurative language) Look for words that may have a loaded meaning behind them Are any words or ideas repeated?

Attitude Pay attention to the word choice to determine what kind of tone the author uses… and in turn, what mood the poem conveys Who is the speaker?

Shifts Are their any changes in the tone, action or rhythm of the poem?

Title Look at the title again… after you have read the poem twice, you may have a different interpretation of what the title means. Look for symbolism in the title again.