Expressed and Experienced Emotion Detecting Emotion All of
- Slides: 35
Expressed and Experienced Emotion
Detecting Emotion • All of us communicate verbally and nonverbally. • Experience can sensitize us to particular emotions. – Abused children are much quicker than other children at recognizing the signals of anger. Anger 50% Fear
Detecting Emotions • Our brains can easily detect subtle expressions. – A glimpse of a face for just one tenth of a second is enough for people to judge somebody's trustworthiness.
Detecting Emotion: Deception • While out brains are very good at detecting most emotions one emotion we are not very good at detecting is deception or deceiving expressions. – The common belief is that you can tell if somebody is lying by looking them in the eyes. – When tested people were only 54% accurate at telling if somebody was lying by looking them in the eyes. This is slightly better than a coin toss or chance. – However some people are more sensitive to physical cues of deception.
Detecting Emotion: Technology • Gestures, facial expressions, and tones of voice are all absent in electronic communication. – This is why it is easy for many people to misread text or emails. Actual Facebook status updates: dang it. . when I said lets go have dinner i did not mean it as a date. . . Why in the world are you mad? ? ? Wait i know. . . I didn't put lol after that last statement so you took it wrong He just said “I love you” and I texted back “I love YOUTUBE” real fast. I don`t feel the same
Gender and Emotion: Women • Is women’s intuition superior to men’s? – Women generally surpass men at reading peoples emotional cues. – This nonverbal sensitivity also gives women an edge in spotting lies. – Women also have a greater emotional literacy…they can describe more complex emotional reactions. -Example…males might say “I feel bad”, females might say “It will be bittersweet, I will fill happy and sad” -This could also be explained by the fact that women generally use more vocabulary during the day than men.
Gender and Emotion: Anger • Imagine an angry face… • Now is that face male or female? • 75% of the people in an Arizona State University study said male. • Anger is an emotion that many people associate with males even though many people see females as being more emotionally expressive.
Gender and Emotion: Empathy • Women are likely to describe themselves as empathic however, in a study that measured the physiological effects of empathy they found that there is a much smaller gap than is reported in surveys. • Females are more likely to express their empathy than males. Although males and females did not differ in self-reported emotions or physiological responses while viewing emotional films, the women's faces showed much more.
Culture and Emotional Expression • Are nonverbal expressions of emotion universally understood? – Some are and some are not • The American “thumps up” and “A-OK” signs are considered insults in other countries.
Culture and Emotional Expression • Facial expressions are somewhat universal. – A smile is a smile world wide – Simple facial expressions • Even isolated groups of people share universal facial expressions. • Facial expressions even among the blind are universal. • Lets see how good you are at detecting emotions from facial expressions from people in different cultures!
What Emotion is This? S S A H E N I P P
What Emotion is This? U S E S I R P R
What Emotion is This? F R EA
What Emotion is This? D A S S S E N
What Emotion is This? AN R E G
What Emotion is This? S I D U G T S
Culture and Emotional Expression • Although cultures share a universal facial language for basic emotions, they differ in how much emotion they express. – Cultures that encourage more individuality display more visible emotions.
The Effects of Facial Expressions • Do our facial Expressions influence our feelings? • Expressions not only communicate emotion, they also amplify and regulate it. – Try it…fake a big smile – Now Scowl • Facial Feedback = the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions. – When a facial expression intensifies emotional feelings. • Pencil Experiment • Botox Experiment
Experienced Emotions • How many emotions are there? – Carroll Izard identified 10 basic emotions: • • • Joy Excitement Surprise Sadness Anger Disgust Contempt Fear Shame Guilt – All other emotions are combinations of these 10 emotions
Fear: What is the function of fear? • Fear can be debilitating and contagious. – 1903 Chicago theatre fire. • Fear is the bodies alarm system. • Fear also protects us from harm. • Fear of punishment can restrain us. • Common fear against enemies can also cause groups of people to bond. • Fearful expressions also improve sensory reactions by improving peripheral vision and speed eye movements.
Learning Fear • Through our experiences and possibly conditioning we learn to fear many things. • Learning by observation can also expand our list of fears. – Almost all wild monkeys fear snakes, yet lab monkeys do not. – This means that we may learn many of our fears from parents or friends.
Biology of Fear • We may be biologically prepared to learn some fears more quickly than others. – Monkeys, snakes, and flowers – Humans quickly learn to fear snakes, spiders, and cliffs because these are fears that probably helped our ancestors to survive.
Biology of Fear • The Amygdala is crucial in learning fears. – Rabbits, tones, and shocks – People with phobias show high Amygdala activity and people that are very courageous show low Amygdala activity. (There always extremes) • Phobia = an intense fear of a specific objects or situations.
Biology of Fear • Experience does help to shape our fears, however so do our genes. – In twins, ones level of fearfulness is similar to the others, even when they have been raised apart. • We have also discovered a gene that influences the amygdala’s response to frightening situations. – People with the short version of this gene have less levels of a protein that speeds up reuptake of serotonin. – With more serotonin available to activate the amygdala neurons, people with this short gene are more fearful.
ANGER! • Societies that are more individualistic tend to vent their anger or experience catharsis. • Catharsis = emotional release • Catharsis Theory = Releasing anger (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges. – Can be temporarily calming…but most of the time this will just cause more anger. – “Venting to reduce anger is like using gasoline to put out a fire. ”
• Best ways to handle anger: – Time and waiting – Do not deal with anger in ways that cause you to sulk or rehearse your anger. • Calm your self by exercising or playing an instrument or talk to a friend. • Forgiveness is the best way to deal with anger Anger
Happiness • People who are happier perceive the world as safer, feel more confident, make decisions more easily, are more cooperative and tolerant, and live healthier more satisfying lives. • Feel-good, do-good phenomenon: People are more likely to be helpful when in a good mood.
Happiness Cycle • Positive moods rise over the early to middle part of the day. • Stressful events trigger bad moods. But by the next day the gloom nearly lifts away. – People usually rebound from bad days to a better than usual day. • In the long run our mood tends to balance.
Wealth and Well-being • Well-being = self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. • Money can buy some happiness – Richer countries are somewhat happier than poorer ones. • Once one has enough money to provide for their basic needs gaining more and more money will matter less and less.
Happiness and Prior Experience • Adaptation-level phenomenon = our tendency to judge various stimuli relative to those we have previously experienced. – If your current income increases we will feel an initial surge of pleasure and then adapt to this new level of income and consider it normal.
Happiness and Others • Happiness is relevant not only to our past experiences but also to our comparisons with others. • Relative deprivation = the perception that we are worse off relative to those whom we compare ourselves. – When expectations rise above attainments happiness drops.
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