ElectroMechanical Applications of High Temperature Superconductors A Cansiz

Electro-Mechanical Applications of High Temperature Superconductors A. Cansiz, E. A. Oral and O. Gundogdu Electric-Electronic Engineering Department Atatürk University Erzurum, Turkey

Applications of Meissner Effect Repulsion of external magnets - levitation Magnet Superconductor

Applications of Mixed State superconductivity (Large Scale) 1. Large distance power transmission 2. Highly efficient small sized electrical motors, generator and transformer 3. Levitation (Train) 4. Flywheel Energy Storage

1. Large distance power transmission Courtesy of American Superconductor

2. Highly efficient small sized electrical motors, generator and transformer

3. Levitation (Train) Yamanashi MLX 01 Mag. Lev train Magnetic levitation transport, or maglev, is a form of transportation that suspends, guides and propels vehicles via electromagnetic force.

Superconductors may be considered perfect diamagnets (μr = 0), completely expelling magnetic fields due to the Meissner effect. The levitation of the magnet is stabilized due to flux pinning within the superconductor. This property rationalize magnetic levitation trains.

4. Flywheel Energy Storage Kinetic energy is increased if ω increases or if I increases. Stiffness, stability, Cooling problem. No contact in motional parts.

Flywheels • To reduce the friction the disc is in a vacuum and uses magnetic bearings. • Motor / generators are typically permanent magnet machines. • The maximum energy density per mass and the maximum tensile stress are related. • Typically, tensile stress has 2 components: radial stress and hoop stress.

MODELING LEVITATION FORCE

FROZEN IMAGE MODEL Hull and Cansiz, 1999 z z θ Tilted PM x y y x HTS

FROZEN IMAGE MODEL PM r 1 z h LN h HTS 2 z 3 1 3

AMPERIAN CURRENT APPROXIMATION L 1 PM coil r 1 HTS L 2 r 2 Diamagnetic Image h h Frozen Image z

Typical Banana Curve Force Major Hysteresis loop Minor Hysteresis loop Rotor weight Stability point for Rotor Levitation height

SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING UNDER CONSIDERATION

7. 5 KG ROTOR

SUPERCONDUCTING BASE

SUPERCONDUCTING FORCE MEASUREMENT

TYPICAL SPIN EXPERIMENTS

STABLE SUPERCONDUCTING LEVITATION

Rotation Experiment 2011

FREE SPIN DOWN OF SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING

FRICTION AND REZONANCE BEAHAVIOR OF SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING UNDER CONSIDERATION

DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING

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