Daniel L Segraves Ph D Professor Emeritus Urshan

Daniel L. Segraves, Ph. D. Professor Emeritus Urshan Graduate School of Theology Summer Summit Massachusetts – Rhode Island District 2021 Some of the content in this Power. Point presentation is taken from the notes on Psalms in the Apostolic Study Bible (Hazelwood, MO: Word Aflame Press, 2014). These notes were written by Daniel L. Segraves.

The Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament Acts 1: 13 -26; 2: 1 -17

The Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament Acts 1: 13 -26; 2: 1 -17 Without quotes from OT

The Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament Acts 1: 13 -26; 2: 1 -17 Without quotes from and references to the OT

The Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament Acts 1: 13 -26; 2: 1 -17 Without quotes from, references to, and verbal links with the OT

The Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament Acts 2: 18 -47; 3: 1 -2

The Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament Acts 2: 18 -47; 3: 1 -2 Without quotes from OT

The Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament Acts 2: 18 -47; 3: 1 -2 Without quotes from and references to the OT

The Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament Acts 2: 18 -47; 3: 1 -2 Without quotes from, references to, and verbal links with the OT

Book Number of references in NT Gen 70 II Sam 6 Isa 165 Jonah 3 Exod 75 I Kgs 5 Jer 25 Mic 5 Lev 22 II Kgs 2 Ezek 6 Nah 2 Num 7 Neh 1 Dan 15 Hab 6 Deut 94 Job 3 Hos 13 Hag 1 Josh 1 Pss 206 Joel 8 Zech 11 I Sam 4 Prov 18 Amos 5 Mal 8

Book Number of references in NT Gen 70 II Sam 6 Isa 165 Jonah 3 Exod 75 I Kgs 5 Jer 25 Mic 5 Lev 22 II Kgs 2 Ezek 6 Nah 2 Num 7 Neh 1 Dan 15 Hab 6 Deut 94 Job 3 Hos 13 Hag 1 Josh 1 Pss 206 Joel 8 Zech 11 I Sam 4 Prov 18 Amos 5 Mal 8

Book Number of references in NT Gen 70 II Sam 6 Isa 165 Jonah 3 Exod 75 I Kgs 5 Jer 25 Mic 5 Lev 22 II Kgs 2 Ezek 6 Nah 2 Num 7 Neh 1 Dan 15 Hab 6 Deut 94 Job 3 Hos 13 Hag 1 Josh 1 Pss 206 Joel 8 Zech 11 I Sam 4 Prov 18 Amos 5 Mal 8

Book Number of references in NT Gen 70 II Sam 6 Isa 165 Jonah 3 Exod 75 I Kgs 5 Jer 25 Mic 5 Lev 22 II Kgs 2 Ezek 6 Nah 2 Num 7 Neh 1 Dan 15 Hab 6 Deut 94 Job 3 Hos 13 Hag 1 Josh 1 Pss 206 Joel 8 Zech 11 I Sam 4 Prov 18 Amos 5 Mal 8

If we are not aware of how the New Testament uses the Old Testament, our understanding of the Old Testament is minimized.

If we are not aware of how the New Testament uses the Old Testament, we read the Scriptures in a fragmented way.

If we are not aware of how the New Testament uses the Old Testament, we miss the full richness of the testimony to Christ found in the Hebrew Scriptures.

Luke 24: 44 -49

Here (24: 44– 49) Jesus emphasizes that the Old Testament Scriptures needed to find their fulfillment in his ministry. The threefold division that Jesus refers to in verse 44 refers to the division of the Hebrew canon into the Torah, Prophets, and Writings. Indeed, the Scriptures even predict (cf. Isa. 2: 1– 4; 49: 6) that the message of forgiveness will be proclaimed to all nations “beginning at Jerusalem” (v. 47). Here we have a foretaste of the message of Acts. Jesus’ disciples will be the agents of this message since they are witnesses of the saving events (v. 48). Nevertheless, they must abide in Jerusalem until they are empowered from above, a clear reference to the Holy Spirit (cf. Acts 1: 8). Jesus, who is the bearer of the Spirit in Luke, will become the dispenser of the Spirit to his disciples. Thomas R. Schreiner, “Luke, ” in Evangelical Commentary on the Bible, vol. 3, Baker reference library (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1995), 839.

Law (Torah) Prophets (Nebi’im) Psalms (Kethubim, writings) Genesis Former Prophets Psalms Exodus Joshua Job Leviticus Judges Proverbs Numbers Samuel Ruth Deuteronomy Kings Song of Solomon Latter Prophets Ecclesiastes Isaiah Lamentations Jeremiah Esther Ezekiel Daniel The Twelve (Hosea. Malachi) Ezra-Nehemiah Chronicles

THE PSALTER’S THEME: § The essential theme of Psalms is the coming One, the Messiah. § Psalms is first and foremost a book about the Messiah. § Psalms focuses on Zion theology and the kingdom of God (i. e. , the physical restoration of Davidic hope, the fulfillment of the promise God made to David that the Messiah would descend physically from him to rule on David’s throne in Zion.

Joel David

WHO WROTE THE PSALMS? 99 PSALMS IDENTIFY THE AUTHOR(S) IN THEIR SUPERSCRIPTIONS § Psalm 90 is the oldest, identified with Moses and dating possibly from about 1500 BC. § Seventy-three psalms are identified with David and would have been written in the tenth century BC. § Psalms 72 and 127 are identified with Solomon. § Asaph, a Levite and chief musician of David, is identified with twelve psalms. § Eleven psalms are attributed to the sons of Korah, a great- grandson of Levi. § Psalm 89 is identified with Ethan the Ezrahite, perhaps either a wise man from Solomon’s time or a Levitical musician from David’s days.

ARE THE SUPERSCRIPTIONS RELIABLE? § In the Hebrew text, the superscriptions are the first verse of the psalm. § Biblical poets typically identified themselves with their work (II Sam. 22: 1; 23: 1; Isa 38: 9; Ps. 18). § Not all the psalms have superscriptions, suggesting the authenticity of the superscriptions, for if they had been added after the psalms were originally written, it seems superscriptions would have been added to all the psalms. § The LXX indicates that those who translated from Hebrew to Greek in the third century knew little about the meaning of the musical terms in the superscriptions. If this were so, the terms in the superscriptions must have substantially predated the LXX.

THE FINAL WORD: JESUS VIEWED THE SUPERSCRIPTIONS AS AUTHORITATIVE AND AUTHENTIC

PSALMS § The English “psalms” is transliterated from the Greek psalmoi, which refers to hymns sung to musical accompaniment. § The Hebrew mizmor, also referring to a song sung to musical accompaniment, appears 57 times in the superscriptions. § In the Hebrew text, the title of the book is Tehillim, “praises. ” § A portion of the book which predated the final composition is referred to as “the prayers (tefillot) of David” (Psalm 72: 20), referring to Psalms 3 -72.

A common view is that the Psalter was intended for use in corporate worship during the Second Temple period (ca. 530 BC – AD 70). A close reading suggests, however, that it was also useful for individuals in exile or tribulation. https: //www. google. com/search? q=Jewish+person+studying&safe=active&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg: Ca 8 st. QKF 6 nw. Ijgc 2 x. FUTy 6 O 4 pq. Bf. Uy 9 qt 5 O 5 Kjmpzlx. Aatp. RXpx_16 Tczc. Stw. Pksur. C 3 e 1 P 2 pi. UNNQxe. GYH 5 Rc. Dc. Tyo. SCRzb. EVRPLo 7 i. EQq 95 Jq 4 Bjlh. Kh. IJmo. F 9 TL 2 q 3 k 4 Rd. Fmvj 1 i. JUVsq. Egnkq. Oan. OXEBqx. H 69 DHj. Sha. Lu. Co. SCWl. Fen. H_1 p. Nz. NEe-qh 1 Eudc. MYKh. IJx. K 3 ASy 6 s. Lc. Rwek. HWBRHn 1 Iq. Egl 7 U_1 am. JQ 01 DBGh 3 I_1 LKy. O-6 yo. SCV 4 Zgfl. Fw. Nx. PEQG 7 hvn. ECzsz&tbo=u&sa=X&ved=2 ah. UKEwi 3_P 6 Si 4 Xj. Ah. VQa. M 0 KHZOa. D 68 Q 9 C 96 BAg. BEBw&biw=1920&bih=969&dpr=1#imgrc=a. UV 6 cf-k 3 M 0 x. XM: https: //www. google. com/search? safe=active&rlz=1 C 1 JZAP_en. US 706&q=second+temple&tbm=isch&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2 ah. UKEwjgj. Jzwg. IXj. Ah. U-B 50 JHb 37 Ct 4 Qi. R 56 BAg. KEBA&biw=1920&bih=969#imgrc= c. H-d. VBr 8 c. Mm. GHM:

KEY APOSTOLIC INSIGHTS § Christ, the promised Messiah, is the Son of God and the Son of Man. § As the Son of God, the Messiah is God Himself in human existence. § As the Son of Man, He is a physical descendant of David. § The psalms foretell the Messiah’s birth, important events in His life, His betrayal, His sufferings, His death, His resurrection, His ascension, His second coming, and the Millennium. § Psalms also anticipates the proclamation of the gospel, the Messiah’s bride, and the gifts given to the New Testament church upon His ascension.

THE STRUCTURE OF HEBREW POETRY § Parallelism and figurative images are basic features of ancient poetry. § Parallelism is not merely the idea of repetition of thought in different words so that a subsequent line (or lines) is completely synonymous with the opening line of the poem; rather, successive lines serve to further develop the thought in some way. § The “rhyming” of Hebrew poetry is not similarity of sound but of ideas or concepts. § With biblical poetry, the entire meaning is not found in the first line; subsequent lines are required to fill out the intended sense of the poem. (See Psalm 1: 1 for example. )

PARALLELISM AND MEDITATION § Parallelism provides not only a way for meaning to unfold like an opening flower; it also contributes to the biblical idea of meditation. § The word translated “meditate” in Psalm 1: 2 means to read over and ponder what is written. The idea is to read and reread the verse of Scripture. § With parallelism, the reader reads the first line, holds that thought, reads the second line, and then returns to the first line, pondering what is written.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE PSALTER § Since the Psalter is a collection of psalms by a variety of authors over a long period of time, the structure of the book as we now have it is not original with any of the authors whose psalms appear in the book. § Its structure is, rather, the result of composition done after all of the individual psalms were completed. (See Psalm 51: 16 -19. ) § There were earlier collections, some smaller and some larger, but the final result was a book intentionally shaped to serve a theological purpose. (See Psalm 72: 20. )

THE TWO MAJOR IDEAS § The selection and arrangement of the psalms are intended to explore the relationship between the law of Moses and Israel’s hope for the future, or as we might say from the Christian perspective, the relationship between law and grace. § The final form of the Psalter is also intended to explore the meaning of the Davidic Covenant in view of the apostasy and exile of the House of David.

FIVE BOOKS SIMILAR ENDINGS Book 1: Psalm 1 -41 “Blessed be the LORD God of Israel from everlasting to everlasting! Amen and Amen” (Psalm 41: 13). Book 2: Psalm 42 -72 “Blessed be the LORD God, the God of Israel, who only does wondrous things! And blessed be His glorious name forever! And let the whole earth be filled with His glory. Amen and Amen. The prayers of David the son of Jesse are ended” (Psalm 72: 18 -20). Book 3: Psalm 73 -89 “Blessed be the LORD forevermore! Amen and Amen” (Psalm 89: 52). Book 4: Psalm 90 -106 “Blessed be the LORD God of Israel from everlasting to everlasting! And let all the people say, ‘Amen!’ Praise the LORD!” (Psalm 106: 48). Book 5: Psalm 107 -150 “Let everything that has breath praise the LORD. Praise the LORD!” (Psalm 150: 6).

Acrostics show intentionality by use of alphabetical arrangements. Acrostics include Psalms 9 -10; 25; 34; 37; 72; 119; 145.