Chapter 4 Review WAIT WAIT DONT TELL ME

Chapter 4 Review WAIT, WAIT… DON’T TELL ME!

Path to Revolution � In his Two Treatises of Government, Government John Locke said that people formed governments to preserve… Their natural rights – to life, liberty, and property

Path to Revolution � The French and Indian War began when Britain and France challenged each other’s claims to this territory… The Ohio River valley

Path to Revolution � The British sought an alliance with this group of Native American tribes – who resolved to remain neutral at the 1754 Albany Conference. Who were they? The Iroquois

Path to Revolution � Although it was not passed, Benjamin Franklin’s ______ was an attempt to create a unified colonial government. Albany Plan of Union

Path to Revolution � This cartoon means… The colonies needed to work together to save themselves (recalling the old tale about a snake being able to survive if it rejoined itself before sunset)

Path to Revolution � This overconfident British general arrogantly ignored warnings about Native American ambushes – and as a result, his 1755 attack on Fort Duquesne failed miserably… Gen. Edward Braddock

Path to Revolution � The British victory at this city in 1759 was a turning point in the war, as Britain now controlled much of New France… Quebec

Path to Revolution � Which American territory did Britain gain through the Treaty of Paris in 1763? New France, and eastern Louisiana (the area between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River) from France, and Florida from Spain

Path to Revolution � What is salutary neglect, neglect and why did this policy change after the end of the French and Indian War? Salutary neglect was a British policy to overlook the enforcement of certain laws to maintain goodwill and loyalty in colonies; it changed because debt forced Britain to enforce customs laws to raise revenue

Path to Revolution � What were the terms of King George III’s Proclamation of 1763? 1763 Issued to prevent further war with Pontiac and his allies, it restricted colonial settlement west of the Appalachians

Path to Revolution � What are customs duties, duties and why were the colonists angry about the new penalties for smugglers? Customs duties are taxes on imports and exports; colonists believed that trying accused smugglers in distant military courts deprived them of their rights as British citizens

Path to Revolution � The passage of the Sugar Act led colonists like James Otis to claim the British government had no right to tax the colonies. On what grounds? Otis claimed that because the colonies had no representation in Parliament, the British government had no right to impose taxes on the colonies – “taxation without representation is tyranny!”

Path to Revolution � Why was the Stamp Act different from other Acts passed to raise revenue for the British government? The Stamp Act taxed colonists directly by requiring them to pay a tax on printed (and other) materials they used every day

Path to Revolution � What was colonial reaction to the Stamp Act? Formation of the Sons of Liberty; Liberty meeting of the Stamp Act Congress and the Declaration of Rights and Grievances; various Stamp Act Resolutions in colonies; boycotts of British goods and “nonimportation agreements”

Path to Revolution � How was the Stamp Act Crisis resolved? It was repealed in 1766, but the British government passed the Declaratory Act asserting its authority and right to tax the colonies

Path to Revolution � What were writs of assistance, and what act of Parliament legalized their use? They were warrants authorizing search and seizure of private property if smuggling activities were suspected; the Townshend Acts authorized such searches and imposed new taxes

Path to Revolution �A scuffle between British troops and Massachusetts colonists got out of hand in March 1770, leading to the deaths of six colonists. How was this event described in the colonial press? The “Boston Massacre” Massacre

Path to Revolution � What happened to the HMS Gaspee? The Gaspee Affair happened in June 1772, when colonists angry over British harassment of merchant ships set fire to the Gaspee when it ran aground off the Rhode Island coast

Path to Revolution � Why did Thomas Jefferson propose the creation of committees of correspondence in all the colonies? To communicate with each other and cooperate in resisting British policies

Path to Revolution � Colonial protest of the Tea Act in 1773 led colonial merchants to return British tea to Britain, unsold. In Massachusetts, customs officers refused to leave until the tea tax was paid. How did the colonists respond? The Boston Tea Party – members of the Sons of Liberty boarded the ships and threw the tea into Boston harbor

Path to Revolution � What were the Intolerable Acts? Acts The Coercive Acts (imposed to punish Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party) and the Quebec Act were collectively known as the “Intolerable Acts. ”

Path to Revolution � Why did colonists object to the Quartering Act? Act The British government was forcing colonists to pay the cost of maintaining troops in the colonies by requiring private citizens to house them – which colonists saw as a violation of their rights and privacy

Path to Revolution � In September of 1774, delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies met to discuss a unified response to British actions and policies. This meeting was called… The First Continental Congress

Path to Revolution � Who were the “minutemen”? minutemen These were specially-trained colonial militiamen, who were to be ready “at a minute’s notice” to respond to any British military action

The American Revolution � The “shot heard ‘round the world” which started the Revolutionary War was fired at…? Lexington Green, where local militiamen had been warned by Paul Revere and William Dawes of the arrival of British troops

The American Revolution � The Second Continental Congress, in May of 1775, took this action to defend the colonies… They formed the “Continental Army” Army from the militiamen surrounding Boston, and chose George Washington to command it

The American Revolution � Although the Battle of Bunker Hill was technically a defeat for the Americans, it raised American morale tremendously. Why? They had caused significant British casualties, and they had not backed down from a fight against a world power

The American Revolution � Why did King George reject the colonists’ “Olive Branch Petition” Petition without even reading it? The colonists had simultaneously launched an attack on Quebec, to try and persuade those colonists to join the fight against Britain – the king was not amused

The American Revolution � This British action convinced Southern planters to fully support the patriots’ cause… what was it? The British government offered freedom to enslaved people in the South if they would fight for the British

The American Revolution � This 1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine helped influence public opinion against Britain and in support of independence. What was it called? Common Sense

The American Revolution � Why is the Declaration of Independence such an important historical document? It represents the first time a colony had declared independence from its imperial power – set the example for others seeking independence, as well as civil rights

The American Revolution � How did Americans justify claiming their independence from Britain? The Declaration affirms the role of government and citizens’ right to rebel if their rights were obstructed or power abused; it then lists all the ways in which the British violated American rights

The American Revolution � What is guerrilla warfare? warfare Battle tactics featuring surprise attacks and ambushes, rather than orderly, disciplined lines of troops

The American Revolution � The British nearly had Washington and his men defeated in the summer of 1776. Why couldn’t they close the deal at that time? After their New York victory, the British under Gen. Howe did not move quickly enough in pursuit of Washington’s troops giving the Americans time to escape

The American Revolution � What was the secret to Washington’s success when he and his men crossed the Delaware to attack British mercenaries encamped at Trenton, New Jersey? It was wintertime – no one expected an attack in the winter, much less on Christmas Day!

The American Revolution � The decisive American victory in this battle finally convinced European countries to support our cause, as it seemed we had a chance to win the war. Which battle was it? The Battle of Saratoga

The American Revolution � What were letters of marque, marque and how did they help the American cause? The Continental Congress issued these licenses to private ships to act on the Americans’ behalf, attacking British ships and hurting British trade

The American Revolution � This battle was the turning point of the war in the South, and encouraged other southern farmers to fight against the British… The Battle of Kings Mountain

The American Revolution � The Revolutionary War ended when British Gen. Cornwallis surrendered here in 1781… Yorktown

The American Revolution � The Treaty of Paris in 1783 established the western boundary of the United States at… The Mississippi River

The American Revolution � What is a republic? republic A republic is a form of government in which citizens hold the power through their right to vote. In theory, all citizens are equal – but some at first were “more equal” than others (white, male, wealthy, property owners)

The American Revolution � What happened to property owned by Loyalists after the war? The new Articles of Confederation did not give the government the power to protect it – it was left up to the states, and most states just confiscated Loyalists’ property