Chapter 5 Review WAIT WAIT DONT TELL ME

Chapter 5 Review WAIT, WAIT… DON’T TELL ME!

Creating the Constitution � What were the powers given to the central government under the Articles of Confederation? Confederation Declare war, raise armies, sign treaties… and that’s about it

Creating the Constitution � How did the Confederation Congress raise revenue for the government, and what legislation was enacted to do so? Selling land - the Land Ordinance of 1785 organized and divided land into townships

Creating the Constitution � What was the purpose of the Northwest Ordinance in 1787? It established the Northwest Territory, and also the process by which territories could become new states

Creating the Constitution � How did states compete with each other over trade revenue? They established protective tariffs on each other’s goods, which other countries (like Britain) were able to exploit

Creating the Constitution � What caused the economic recession in the mid-1780’s? Inconsistent trade policies, war debts, and the inability of the government to raise consistent revenue

Creating the Constitution � Why did farmers like paper currency – and why did war bondholders not like it? Paper currency (“Continentals”) lost value quickly, which allowed farmers to repay their debts faster – but bondholders wanted repayment in specie (gold/silver)

Creating the Constitution � How many states had to approve any amendments (changes) to the Articles of Confederation? All of them! Unanimous vote…

Creating the Constitution � What was Shays’s Rebellion, Rebellion and why did it get the attention of the Confederation Congress? Shays was a bankrupt farmer who led a protest against higher taxes in Massachusetts; the crisis led many to think it was time for a stronger central government

Creating the Constitution � Name three Nationalists at that time who thought there ought to be a stronger central government. George Washington, John Adams, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton

Creating the Constitution � Who was chosen to preside over the Constitutional Convention in 1787? George Washington

Creating the Constitution � How was the Virginia Plan different from the New Jersey Plan? Plan The Virginia Plan favored the more populous states, and eliminated the Articles of Confederation entirely; the New Jersey Plan gave equal representation to each state, and merely modified the Articles of Confederation

Creating the Constitution � The delegates decided to use the Virginia Plan as a starting point, but to get agreement they had to compromise on the issue of representation. What was that compromise? The Great Compromise (or “Connecticut Compromise) – bicameral legislature; one house based on population, the other gave equal representation to every state

Creating the Constitution � How did the delegates resolve Northern concerns over the counting of enslaved people in Southern states (for purposes of taxes and representation)? The Three-Fifths Compromise minimized any population advantage the southern states might have had, by counting every 5 enslaved people as 3 free people

Creating the Constitution � Did the Anti-Federalists not want a central government? Explain. Anti-Federalists were not opposed to a central government, but believed the states’ power should be supreme

Creating the Constitution � Who were the Federalists, Federalists and what did they want? Federalists like Madison, Jay, Hamilton and John Adams favored a strong central government and supported ratification of the Constitution

Creating the Constitution � Why did “Publius” write the Federalist Papers? Papers Madison, Hamilton and Jay wrote this collection of 85 essays, published in NY newspapers, to persuade New York to support ratification

Creating the Constitution � How many states had to ratify the new Constitution in order for it to take effect? Nine (out of thirteen)

Creating the Constitution � Massachusetts and Virginia were convinced to support ratification of the Constitution with the addition of… ? A “Bill of Rights” which would protect the rights of individuals, and also specifically prevent the federal government from grabbing power from the states (the 10 th Amendment)

Creating the Constitution � What is the purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution? The Preamble expresses our nation’s founding values, which the Constitution is written to uphold

Creating the Constitution � What is federalism, federalism anyway? Federalism is government in which power is divided between state and national (federal) governments

Creating the Constitution � What are enumerated powers? Enumerated powers are powers specifically given to the federal government

Creating the Constitution � What are reserved powers? Reserved powers are those not specifically given to the federal government, nor prohibited to the states (such as regulating education, or trade within a state)

Creating the Constitution � The First Amendment guarantees freedom of speech and press; the right to peaceful assembly, the right to petition your government (i. e. protest), and … ? Freedom of religion

Creating the Constitution � In court, your right not to “rat on yourself” is protected by which Amendment? The Fifth – it also protects your right not to be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process, the right to be compensated if your property is taken for public use, and the right not to be tried twice for the same crime

Creating the Constitution � Which controversial Amendment gives private citizens the right to own guns? The Second Amendment

Creating the Constitution � Whenever you serve on a jury, you are helping to guarantee your fellow citizens their rights under this Amendment… Kinda tricky! The Sixth guarantees your right to a speedy trial by an impartial jury… but it’s the Seventh Amendment that gives you the right to a trial by a jury.

Creating the Constitution � Name three branches of the federal government, and their roles. Legislative Executive Judicial Makes the laws Upholds, enforces laws Interprets laws

Creating the Constitution � Due process of law means… … that all are entitled to know of what they are accused, and by whom… also, that everyone’s entitled to a defense and a fair trial

Creating the Constitution � Each branch of government has oversight over the other, in order to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. These limits are called our system of … ? “Checks and balances”

Creating the Constitution � Regardless of our race, religion, income, or political beliefs, every citizen is to be treated the same by our legal system. This is called… Equal protection under the law

Creating the Constitution � What is a veto, veto and what (if anything) can Congress do if the President vetoes a bill passed by Congress? Congress can override a presidential veto with a 2/3 -majority vote in both houses of Congress

Creating the Constitution � What is impeachment, impeachment and which house of Congress originates this action? Impeachment is essentially the indictment of the President on charges of “high crimes and misdemeanors” – the action originates in the House and is debated and decided in the Senate; if the President is convicted he/she must leave office

Creating the Constitution � What is the electoral college? college The electoral college is a group of designated electors from each state who cast votes on behalf of their states’ voters in order to elect a President; in most cases (48 of the states) electors are allocated to the party and candidate which received a majority vote in that state; a candidate must receive 270 electoral college votes to win election

Creating the Constitution � How do Supreme Court justices get their jobs, and how long do they serve? Supreme Court justices are appointed by the President, are confirmed by the Senate, and – once confirmed – they serve for life