Chapter 30 Physical Geography of Southeast Asia Oceania

Chapter 30 Physical Geography of Southeast Asia, Oceania, and Antarctica

Southeast Asia Physical • Peninsulas – Indochinese (Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia) – Malay (Malaysia, part of Thailand) • Islands – Archipelago (Philippines, Indonesia) • Mountains – ranges run north and south – Annamese Cordillera • Volcanoes – mostly island mountains • Rivers and coastlines – farming and fishing

Indonesia Singapore Vietnam Philippines www. concierge. com

Lands of the Oceania • Oceania – Pacific islands as a group (not Philippines, Indonesia, and islands close to mainland; people tied culturally to Asia) • High islands – created by volcanoes • Low islands – made by coral reefs, poor soil • Oceania not rich in resources

FIJI French Polynesia www. concierge. com

Human-Environment Interaction • Pacific Islanders developed technology to travel the Pacific. • Handmade charts, the voyaging canoe and the outrigger canoe were used. • European colonizers brought rabbits to Australia that grazed crops.

Voyaging Canoe

Outrigger canoe

• Bikini Atoll was the site of U. S. atomic weapons tests. • 1951 -1958 U. S. held over 60 explosions that vaporized several islands and contaminated the entire area with radiation.

Long Term Effects • The testing vaporized several small islands and contaminated the entire area with high levels of radiation. • In the 1960 s, the U. S. government declared the Bikini Atoll safe for human habitation however, after the people moved back, many became ill or died. • In 1978, doctors discovered dangerous levels of radiation ins the islanders bodies and they were again removed from the islands

Pacific Ring of Fire

New Zealand Physical • 2 islands – North Island South Island • South Island – South Alps – 16 peaks 10000+ feet – 360+ glaciers • North Island – volcanic – Fertile farmland – Timber industry • Few mineral resources • Rivers for hydroelectricity

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Australia • • • Flattest, smallest continent Very few rivers Rich in minerals Smaller mountains Great Barrier Reef – 1250 mile chain of coral reefs – 400 species of coral

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The Great Barrier Reef

The Great Barrier Reef

Antarctica

Icy Antarctica • 5 th largest continent • Generally circular, centered on South Pole • Covered by ice – largest fresh water supply in the world • Transantarctic Mountains – split in half – East – plateau surrounded by mounts/valleys – West – group of separate islands linked by ice

http: //www. alaska-in-pictures. com/data/media/22/antarctica-icebergs_4608. jpg http: //www. coolantarctica. com/Bases/South_Pole/south_pole 0002. html http: //www. coolantarctica. com/gallery/scenic/mountains/antarctica_mountains_2. htm