Chapter 11 Section 5 Imperialism in Southeast Asia

Chapter 11 Section 5 Imperialism in Southeast Asia Objective: Critique how imperialism affected Southeast Asia Vocabulary: Pacific Rim, King Mongkut, Emilio Aguinaldo, Annexation, & Queen Liliuokalani

Setting the Stage • Pacific Rim: the lands surrounding the Pacific Ocean – especially those in Asia • Western nations desired the Pacific Rim lands for their strategic location along the sea route to China • Westerners also recognized the value of the Pacific colonies as sources of tropical agriculture, minerals, & oil

European Powers Invade the Pacific Rim • The British established a major trading port at Singapore • The French claimed Indochina on the Southeast mainland • The Germans took control of the Marshall Islands, parts of New Guinea, & the Soloman Islands • The lands of Southeast Asia were perfect for plantation agriculture • They produced sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, rubber, coconuts, bananas, & pineapple

Dutch Expand Control • The Dutch East India Company actively sought lands in Southeast Asia • The discovery of oil & tin in Indonesia caused the Dutch to take over the entire island chain, calling them the Dutch East Indies • The Dutch sought to make a home in Indonesia • However, when they moved to Indonesia it caused the creation of a rigid social class system

Check for Understanding • Why would oil be important to the Europeans? (Hint: think of the Industrial Revolution) Sentence Starter: Oil is important to the Europeans because __________.

British Take the Malayan Peninsula • The British sought a trading base that would serve as a stop for their ships • They found a large, sheltered harbor on Singapore • Today Singapore is still one of the world’s busiest ports • Britain gained colonies in Singapore, Malaysia, & Burma • Britain encouraged Chinese to immigrate to Malaysia causing conflict between native Malays

French Control Indochina • Napoleon III ordered the French army to invade southern Vietnam after seven French missionaries were killed • French added Laos, Cambodia, & all of Vietnam as colonies • France used a direct colonial management in the region • Roads, harbors, & rail systems improved communication & transportation in the region • It became a melting pot of cultures & religions

Check for Understanding • When the French used direct colonial management in Vietnam; who is in charge? Explain. A. Local Rulers B. The French Sentence Starter: The ______ are in charge in Vietnam with direct control because _____.

Siam Remains Independent • Siam (Thailand) maintained its independence throughout the colonial period • Siamese kings promoted Siam as a neutral zone between the French & the British • Siam modernized under the guidance of King Mongkut • Siam started schools, reformed the legal system, & reorganized the government

U. S. Imperialism in the Pacific Islands • Because Americans had fought for their independence from Britain, most Americans disliked the idea of colonizing other nations • Others believed the United States should fulfill its destiny as a world power and colonize like the Europeans • Businesses welcomed the opening of new markets & trade possibilities

The Philippines Change Hands • The United States acquired the Philippine Islands, Puerto Rico, & Guam as a result of the Spanish-America War in 1898 • Filipino nationalists were not happy to trade one colonizer (the Spanish) for another (the Americans) • Emilio Aguinaldo the leader of the Filipino nationalists & claimed that the U. S. had promised immediate independence • The U. S. defeated the nationalist but promised they would prepare them for self-rule

Hawaii Becomes a Republic • The United States viewed Hawaii as a port on the way to China & East India • American sugar plantations accounted for 75% of Hawaii’s wealth • U. S. business leaders pushed for an annexation of Hawaii (adding the territory; to the United States) • Queen Liliuokalani was removed from power in 1893 • In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States