Nations in India Southeast Asia Africa gained independence

Nations in India, Southeast Asia, & Africa gained independence from imperialists - Decolonization -

NATION STATES IN INDIA Mohandas Gandhi Pre – War background: background Used Ahimsa (non-violence) and civil disobedience against unjust laws after experiencing racism

Mohandas Gandhi Salt March 12 March 1930 Tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India Triggered a world reaction to the British and a wider Civil Disobedience Movement

INDIA World War II - post-pones attempts at Independence • The Congress party – Mohandas Gandhi • The Muslim League – Muhammad Ali Jinnah • Feared discrimination by Hindu led Congress Party • Demanded a Separate nation – Pakistan

INDIA New nations August 15, 1947 India – Hindu Pakistan - Muslim

INDIA Refugee Violence • Muslims slaughtered by Hindus and Sikhs • Hindus slaughtered Muslims 1949 - During the partition, 10 million people relocated; Violence broke out leaving 1 million dead Gandhi was devastated by the division • Spoke out against it. • He was assassinated by a Hindu radical • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=4 zq_JH_uxv. A

AFRICAN DE-COLONIZATION AND NATIONALISM

South Africa Colonized government began in 1910 http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=jg. QBo. Xsxr 8 w Apartheid – segregation laws Majority black population given no rights 87% of land controlled by British (whites)

South African National Congress (ANC) Organizes resistance to South African government The Sharpeville massacre (1960) After a day of demonstrations against the Pass laws, a crowd of about 5, 000 to 7, 000 black protesters went to the police station. The South African police opened fire on the crowd, killing 69 people. Changed the course of resistance in South Africa Led by Nelson Mandela, Mandela the resistance became violent by bombing sites present-day South Africa, 21 March is celebrated as a public holiday in honor of human rights and to commemorate the Sharpeville massacre.

South African National Congress (ANC) Nelson Mandela convicted and sent to prison for 27 years

South Africa Colonized government began in 1910 Apartheid – segregation laws Majority black population given no rights 87% of land controlled by British (whites) African National Congress (ANC) Organizes resistance to South African government United Nations Boycott and economic sanctions

South Africa Colonized government began in 1910 Apartheid – segregation laws Majority black population given no rights 87% of land controlled by British (whites) African National Congress (ANC) Organizes resistance to South African government United Nations Boycott and economic sanctions National Party takes apart Apartheid – 1989 Nelson Mandela released from prison Mandela becomes first freely elected President of South Africa https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=yj. Ym 78 K 6 a. NI

Sub-Sahara African De-Colonization Ghana (The Gold Coast) – 1957 Kwame Nkrumah • leader of Ghana and its predecessor state, the Gold Coast • Overseeing the nation's independence from British colonial rule in 1957 • 20 th-century advocate of Pan-Africanism Kenya – 1963 • • European population blocked independence Led to armed revolt Republic of Congo Belgium left behind chaos and civil war Fighting continues…. 1955 - publishes a "30 -Year Plan" for granting the Congo increased self-government. 1959 – Belgium begins to lose control over events in the Congo following serious nationalist riots in Leopoldville http: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-africa-13286306

Sub-Sahara African De-Colonization Republic of Congo Belgium left behind chaos and civil war Fighting continues…. 1955 - publishes a "30 -Year Plan" for granting the Congo increased self-government. 1959 – Belgium begins to lose control over events in the Congo following serious nationalist riots in Leopoldville http: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-africa-13286306

Sub-Sahara African De-Colonization Rwanda – 1994 • Unrelated ethnic groups fought for power once European power left • 100 day genocide - Hutu killed Minority Tutsis…Million Tutsis died https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=fc. C 8 NCk 82 WA https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=GYl. HZq 01 O 2 c

Somalia Same race, language, religion, and ethnic group. Yet, 1990 s civil war between clan militias. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e. YTq 8 MOIJvo President Clinton

The Challenges in Africa Today