Chapter 31 Human Geography of Southeast Asia Oceania

Chapter 31 Human Geography of Southeast Asia, Oceania, & Antarctica Migration & Conquest Objective: Analyze features of human geography in Southeast Asia, Oceania, & Antarctica

Chapter 31 Section 1 Southeast Asia Vocabulary: Mandala, Khmer Empire, Indochina, Vietnam War, & ASEAN Objective: Examine Southeast Asia’s history of diversity

Long History of Diversity • China & India influenced ancient Southeast Asia • Chinese art, technology, political ideas, & ethical beliefs • Hinduism & Buddhism spread from India & influenced religion & art in much of Southeast Asia • Mandalas – states organized as rings of power around a central court • Khmer Empire ruled from Cambodia in Southeast Asia from 9 th to 15 th century

Colonialism & Its Aftermath • By the 20 th century, most of Southeast Asia was colonized by the Europeans • The Europeans forced colonies to produce commodities like rubber, sugar, rice, tea, & coffee • Japanese had control of the region during WWII • After the war, they sough independence • Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, & Vietnam) controlled by the French struggled for independence • Vietnam War: 1957 -1975 US tried to prevent communism in South Vietnam, the US eventually withdrew their troops

An Uneven Economy • People of Southeast Asia depend mostly on agriculture for income • Rice is a profitable commodity • ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) an alliance that promotes economic growth & peace in the region • Other importance industries include textiles, clothing, & electronic products

A Rich Mosaic of Culture • Southeast Asia has a religious diversity with Buddhism, Catholic, Muslim, & Hinduism • Buddhism & Hinduism influence art & architecture especially in Angkor Wat (Cambodia) • Most Southeast Asians live in rural villages & follow traditional lifestyles • However, more are moving into cities & leading more modern lives

Chapter 31 Section 2 Oceania Vocabulary: Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, Subsistence Activities, Copra, & Taro Objective: Explain the Oceania region

A History of the Islands • For thousands of years, their descendants continued to migrate • Oceania is divided into three regions (Micronesia, Melanesia, & Polynesia) • European settlers set up plantations to grow coconuts, coffee, pineapples, & sugar • Some islands were destroyed during WWII & with nuclear testing

�A Traditional Economy • Subsistence Activities: family produces only the food, clothing, & shelter they need for themselves • Major crops for agriculture include banana, sugar, cocoa, & coffee • Fishing is also a major source of income • Tourism has become very important to the economy of Oceania

Culture of the Islands • 1100 languages are spoken in Oceania • Christianity is the most widely spread religion however some practice their traditional religion • Two distinct ways of life exist on the islands (traditional & modern)

Chapter 31 Section 3 Australia, New Zealand, & Antarctica Vocabulary: Penal Colony, Aboriginal People, Maori, Treaty of Waitangi, & Pakeha Objective: Explain how Australia & New Zealand became European outposts

History: Distant European Outposts • Great Britain established Sydney as a penal colony (place to send prisoners) • Aboriginal People migrated to Australia from Asia at least 40, 000 years ago • New Zealand was first settled by the Maori • Treaty of Waitangi gave Britain control over New Zealand • When gold was discovered, thousands of British went to Australia & New Zealand, most stayed there

Modern Nations • Australia & New Zealand remains apart of the British Commonwealth • New Zealanders have a long tradition of concern for equal rights & the welfare of its citizens • Australia & New Zealand prospered by exporting food products & wool to the United Kingdom • They have also developed industry & other manufacturing services • Antarctica is preserved for research

Distinctive Cultures & Modern Life • Most Australians are British descent but that proportion is changing because of high rates of immigration • New Zealand’s culture is a blend of British & Maori ways • 85% of people live in cities & towns in Australia & New Zealand • They are also well known for their recreational outdoor sports (swimming, tennis, rugby, cricket, & soccer)