Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia New Imperialism Imperialism

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Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia

Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia

New Imperialism �Imperialism = extension of a nation’s power over other lands �Imperialism/colonialism was

New Imperialism �Imperialism = extension of a nation’s power over other lands �Imperialism/colonialism was not new ◦ Colonies in the Americans by the 1500 s ◦ Few trading posts, some missionary activity �New Imperialism = direct control over vast territories, mainly Africa

New Imperialism (continued) �European countries viewed Asia and Africa as a source for: ◦

New Imperialism (continued) �European countries viewed Asia and Africa as a source for: ◦ Industrial raw materials (oil, tin, rubber) ◦ Market for Western (European) manufactured goods

Motives for Imperialism �Economic �Political �Religious ◦ “White man’s burden” �Exploratory �Ideological ◦ SD

Motives for Imperialism �Economic �Political �Religious ◦ “White man’s burden” �Exploratory �Ideological ◦ SD = survival of the fittest ◦ Racism = certain races are superior, justifying their use of force against other races/nations

Great Britain �Controlled Singapore ◦ Major stopping point for traffic to/from China �Burma (modern

Great Britain �Controlled Singapore ◦ Major stopping point for traffic to/from China �Burma (modern Myanmar) ◦ British wanted control of possessions in India

France �British control over Burma made French nervous in Vietnam ◦ Didn’t want British

France �British control over Burma made French nervous in Vietnam ◦ Didn’t want British to control Vietnam as well �French missionaries already persecuted in Vietnam ◦ Confucian beliefs in Vietnam vs. Christianity

France (continued) �France eventually took total control of Vietnam �Vietnam France – protectorate of

France (continued) �France eventually took total control of Vietnam �Vietnam France – protectorate of �France eventually controlled Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, and Laos ◦ French Indochina

Resistance in Burma �Burma monarch himself fought against British �Buddhist monk Saya San ◦

Resistance in Burma �Burma monarch himself fought against British �Buddhist monk Saya San ◦ Led peasant uprising

Thailand – The Exception �Only free state in Southeast Asia �King promoted Western learning

Thailand – The Exception �Only free state in Southeast Asia �King promoted Western learning and maintained friendly relations with major European powers

The United States � Defeated the Spanish in Spanish-American War in 1898 � US

The United States � Defeated the Spanish in Spanish-American War in 1898 � US President Mc. Kinley – moral obligation to “civilize” Philippines � Philippines provided easy access to China “Mr. President, the times call for candor. The Philippines are ours forever. And just beyond the Philippines are China’s unlimited markets. We will not retreat from either. We will not abandon an opportunity in [Asia]. We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee, under God, of the civilization of the world. ” – Senator Beveridge

POLITICAL CARTOON OF PRESIDENT MCKINLEY AND “SAVAGE” CHILD Returning the Philippines to Spain is

POLITICAL CARTOON OF PRESIDENT MCKINLEY AND “SAVAGE” CHILD Returning the Philippines to Spain is compared to throwing the child off a cliff.

Resistance in the Philippines �Emilio Aguinaldo ◦ Leader of independence movement ◦ Began his

Resistance in the Philippines �Emilio Aguinaldo ◦ Leader of independence movement ◦ Began his revolt against Spanish first and continued against the U. S. �Defeated by the U. S.

Indirect Rule and Direct Rule Draw the following table in your notes: Indirect Rule

Indirect Rule and Direct Rule Draw the following table in your notes: Indirect Rule Definition Imperial country’s relationship with colonized country’s government? Example Advantage or Disadvantage? Direct Rule

Indirect Rule �Definition ◦ Local rulers allowed to maintain authority and status ◦ Colonizing

Indirect Rule �Definition ◦ Local rulers allowed to maintain authority and status ◦ Colonizing countries cooperated with existing rulers

Indirect Rule �Relationship with government? ◦ Good relationship because local rulers allowed to keep

Indirect Rule �Relationship with government? ◦ Good relationship because local rulers allowed to keep their power

Indirect Rule �Example ◦ Dutch East Indies ◦ DEI Company allowed local control of

Indirect Rule �Example ◦ Dutch East Indies ◦ DEI Company allowed local control of government ◦ Paid local leaders to keep control

Indirect Rule �Advantage/Disadvantage? �Advantage ◦ Easier access to region’s resources ◦ Lower costs of

Indirect Rule �Advantage/Disadvantage? �Advantage ◦ Easier access to region’s resources ◦ Lower costs of government ◦ Maintained local culture, less conflict

Direct Rule �Definition ◦ Local elites/rulers were removed ◦ Replaced with officials from colonizing

Direct Rule �Definition ◦ Local elites/rulers were removed ◦ Replaced with officials from colonizing countries

Direct Rule �Relationship with ruler? ◦ Bad relationship because local leaders always resisted colonial

Direct Rule �Relationship with ruler? ◦ Bad relationship because local leaders always resisted colonial power

Direct Rule �Example ◦ Burma ◦ Monarchy opposed colonial rule ◦ British forced colonial

Direct Rule �Example ◦ Burma ◦ Monarchy opposed colonial rule ◦ British forced colonial government from India on the Burmese

Direct Rule �Advantage/Disadvantage? ◦ Disadvantage ◦ Local people unhappy and usually resisted colonial power

Direct Rule �Advantage/Disadvantage? ◦ Disadvantage ◦ Local people unhappy and usually resisted colonial power

Colonial Economies �Colonial European powers did not let colonists develop own industries �Wanted �Kept

Colonial Economies �Colonial European powers did not let colonists develop own industries �Wanted �Kept to make larger profits workers at poverty level

Nationalism �Western Powers ◦ Social Darwinism ◦ Superiority colonizing of others �Colonized Countries ◦

Nationalism �Western Powers ◦ Social Darwinism ◦ Superiority colonizing of others �Colonized Countries ◦ Led to resistance movements ◦ Resented colonial powers